Journal Article

PUBDB-2024-05845

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Revealing the Mechanisms of Smoke during Electron Beam–Powder Bed Fusion by High-Speed Synchrotron Radiography

ye, j. (Corresponding author)Extern* ; Semjatov, N.Extern* ; Bidola, P.Extern* ; Lindwall, G.Extern* ; Koerner, C. (Corresponding author)Extern*

2024
MDPI Basel

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.3390/jmmp8030103  doi:10.3204/PUBDB-2024-05845

Abstract: Electron beam–powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) is an additive manufacturing process that utilizes an electron beam as the heat source to enable material fusion. However, the use of a charge-carrying heat source can sometimes result in sudden powder explosions, usually referred to as “Smoke”, which can lead to process instability or termination. This experimental study investigated the initiation and propagation of Smoke using in situ high-speed synchrotron radiography. The results reveal two key mechanisms for Smoke evolution. In the first step, the beam–powder bed interaction creates electrically isolated particles in the atmosphere. Subsequently, these isolated particles get charged either by direct irradiation by the beam or indirectly by back-scattered electrons. These particles are accelerated by electric repulsion, and new particles in the atmosphere are produced when they impinge on the powder bed. This is the onset of the avalanche process known as Smoke. Based on this understanding, the dependence of Smoke on process parameters such as beam returning time, beam diameter, etc., can be rationalized.

Note: The financial support provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG) for the project(FU 1283/2-1) is gratefully acknowledged

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. DOOR-User (DOOR ; HAS-User)
2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon (Hereon)

Research Program(s):

1. 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) (POF4-6G3)
2. FS-Proposal: II-20220735 EC (II-20220735-EC) (II-20220735-EC)

Experiment(s):

1. PETRA Beamline P61.1 (PETRA III)

Appears in the scientific report 2024

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Database coverage:
; ; ; Article Processing Charges ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; DOAJ Seal ; Emerging Sources Citation Index ; Fees ; IF < 5 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Web of Science Core Collection

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