Note: Henry N. Chapman is an internationally renowned researcher who has carried out groundbreaking development work in X-ray physics and biological physics. Chapman's work is concerned with free electron lasers (FEL), which are used to investigate complex molecules by means of ultrashort and high-brilliance X-ray pulses. However, this requires a number of fundamental problems to be overcome, primarily the fact that the samples used are destroyed very quickly by the extremely high intensity of the X-rays – sometimes in as little as 10 femtoseconds, or 0.000 000 000 000 01 seconds. Henry Chapman developed a method that allowed him, with other researchers, to take diffraction images of biomolecules in a previously inconceivable space of time before the samples vaporised. In this process, known as serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX), a fine water jet with tiny molecular proteins is crossed with the free electron laser. This method, known to researchers as "diffraction before destruction", has opened up a whole new world of possibilities in high-resolution imaging techniques in the life sciences. It also provided a way to determine the structure of macromolecules such as the HI virus, which cannot be crystallised. For example, Chapman was able to identify the structure of a parasite protein that causes sleeping sickness – illustrating the physicist's ability to link pioneering new methods with fundamental scientific questions.
Born in the UK in 1967, Henry Chapman obtained his BSc and PhD at the University of Melbourne in Australia. He undertook postdoctoral research at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization in Melbourne and in the USA, where he led a working group at the renowned Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In 2007 he joined the staff of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg and became a founding director of the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), a joint establishment of the University of Hamburg, the Max Planck Society and DESY. Among other things, the 2015 Leibniz Prize will enable Chapman to exploit the even greater technical and scientific possibilities of the XFEL electron laser facility scheduled to go into operation at DESY in 2017.
http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.pngContribution to a conference proceedings/Contribution to a bookWelker, S. (Corresponding author)CFEL* ; Peer, T.DESY* ; Chapman, H. N.CFEL*XFEL.EU*DESY* ; Gerkmann, T. Deep Iterative Phase Retrieval for Ptychography 2022[Ebook] 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing : proceedings : 7-13 May 2022, virtual (all paper presentations) : 22-27 May 2022, main venue: Marina Bay Sands Expo & Convention Center, Singapore, satellite venue: Shenzhen, China / sponsored by: the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Signal Processing Society , Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2022, ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing , (ICASSP), SingaporeSingapore, Singapore, 23 May 2022 - 27 May 20222022-05-232022-05-27Piscataway, NJ : IEEE1591-1595(2022)[10.1109/ICASSP43922.2022.9746811]2022 FilesBibTeX |
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