Journal Article PUBDB-2025-03627

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Spatially Resolved In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of ZnS Nanoparticle Synthesis at the Water–Toluene Interface

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2025
Soc. Washington, DC

ACS nano 19(28), 25710 - 25719 () [10.1021/acsnano.5c02875]
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Abstract: Two-phase synthesis is a well-established approach for achieving precise control of the nanoparticle properties. However, studying and understanding chemical transformations in such a spatially heterogeneous system is challenging. In this work, we introduce a two-phase synthesis route for ZnS nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) at the water–toluene interface. By employing spatially resolved in situ high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we track the diffusion of Zn$^{2+}$ species at the interface, identify key reaction intermediates, and monitor the nucleation and growth of ZnS NPs within the toluene phase. We propose the formation of a [Zn(H$_2$O)$_6$]$^{2+}$ complex upon dissolving Zn(Ac)$_2$ in water and the diffusion of Zn$^{2+}$ ions from water to toluene driven by the formation of an octahedral [Zn(OA)$_6$]$^{2+}$ complex (OA = oleylamine). Furthermore, by complementing HERFD-XAS with total X-ray scattering analysis, we show the formation of an intermediate tetrahedral [Zn(SR)4]$^{2+}$ complex at 60 °C and its successive transformation to noncrystalline ZnS nuclei at 80 °C and crystalline ZnS NPs starting at 100 °C. Thus, we demonstrate how in situ X-ray spectroscopy can elucidate the coordination and diffusion of Zn$^{2+}$ ions, and, in combination with X-ray scattering studies, identify the emergence of atomic and electronic structures during the two-phase synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles.

Classification:

Contributing Institute(s):
  1. DOOR-User (DOOR ; HAS-User)
  2. PETRA-D (FS-PETRA-D)
Research Program(s):
  1. 632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional Materials (POF4-632) (POF4-632)
  2. 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) (POF4-6G3)
  3. LINCHPIN - A platform to LINk between CHemistry and PhysIcs of colloidal Nanomaterials (818941) (818941)
  4. AIM, DFG project G:(GEPRIS)390715994 - EXC 2056: CUI: Advanced Imaging of Matter (390715994) (390715994)
  5. GRK 2536 - GRK 2536: Hybridstrukturen auf der Nanometerskala: Chemische Konzepte zur Herstellung heterogener Nanostrukturen mit anisotropen Materialeigenschaften (NANOHYBRID) (408076438) (408076438)
Experiment(s):
  1. PETRA Beamline P21.1 (PETRA III)

Appears in the scientific report 2025
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Medline ; Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 ; OpenAccess ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF >= 15 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection
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 Record created 2025-08-07, last modified 2025-08-17


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