Home > Publications database > Spatially Resolved In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of ZnS Nanoparticle Synthesis at the Water–Toluene Interface |
Journal Article | PUBDB-2025-03627 |
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2025
Soc.
Washington, DC
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c02875 doi:10.3204/PUBDB-2025-03627
Abstract: Two-phase synthesis is a well-established approach for achieving precise control of the nanoparticle properties. However, studying and understanding chemical transformations in such a spatially heterogeneous system is challenging. In this work, we introduce a two-phase synthesis route for ZnS nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) at the water–toluene interface. By employing spatially resolved in situ high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we track the diffusion of Zn$^{2+}$ species at the interface, identify key reaction intermediates, and monitor the nucleation and growth of ZnS NPs within the toluene phase. We propose the formation of a [Zn(H$_2$O)$_6$]$^{2+}$ complex upon dissolving Zn(Ac)$_2$ in water and the diffusion of Zn$^{2+}$ ions from water to toluene driven by the formation of an octahedral [Zn(OA)$_6$]$^{2+}$ complex (OA = oleylamine). Furthermore, by complementing HERFD-XAS with total X-ray scattering analysis, we show the formation of an intermediate tetrahedral [Zn(SR)4]$^{2+}$ complex at 60 °C and its successive transformation to noncrystalline ZnS nuclei at 80 °C and crystalline ZnS NPs starting at 100 °C. Thus, we demonstrate how in situ X-ray spectroscopy can elucidate the coordination and diffusion of Zn$^{2+}$ ions, and, in combination with X-ray scattering studies, identify the emergence of atomic and electronic structures during the two-phase synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles.
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