Journal Article

PUBDB-2023-04004

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

Afzal, A. ; Agazie, G. ; Anumarlapudi, A. ; Archibald, A. M. ; Arzoumanian, Z. ; Baker, P. T. ; Bécsy, B. ; Blanco-Pillado, J. J. ; Blecha, L. ; Boddy, K. K. ; Brazier, A. ; Brook, P. R. ; Burke-Spolaor, S. ; Burnette, R. ; Case, R. ; Charisi, M. ; Chatterjee, S. ; Chatziioannou, K. ; Cheeseboro, B. D. ; Chen, S. ; Cohen, T. ; Cordes, J. M. ; Cornish, N. J. ; Crawford, F. ; Cromartie, H. T. ; Crowter, K. ; Cutler, C. J. ; DeCesar, M. E. ; DeGan, D. ; Demorest, P. B. ; Deng, H. ; Dolch, T. ; Drachler, B. ; von Eckardstein, R. ; Ferrara, E. C. ; Fiore, W. ; Fonseca, E. ; Freedman, G. E. ; Garver-Daniels, N. ; Gentile, P. A. ; Gersbach, K. A. ; Glaser, J. ; Good, D. C. ; Guertin, L. ; Gültekin, K. ; Hazboun, J. S. ; Hourihane, S. ; Islo, K. ; Jennings, R. J. ; Johnson, A. D. ; Jones, M. L. ; Kaiser, A. R. ; Kaplan, D. L. ; Kelley, L. Z. ; Kerr, M. ; Key, J. S. ; Laal, N. ; Lam, M. T. ; Lamb, W. G. ; Lazio, T. J. W. ; Lee, V. S. H. ; Lewandowska, N. ; Lino dos Santos, R. R. ; Littenberg, T. B. ; Liu, T. ; Lorimer, D. R. ; Luo, J. ; Lynch, R. S. ; Ma, C.-P. ; Madison, D. R. ; McEwen, A. ; McKee, J. W. ; McLaughlin, M. A. ; McMann, N. ; Meyers, B. W. ; Meyers, P. M. ; Mingarelli, C. M. F. ; Mitridate, A.DESY* ; Nay, J. ; Natarajan, P. ; Ng, C. ; Nice, D. J. ; Ocker, S. K. ; Olum, K. D. ; Pennucci, T. T. ; Perera, B. B. P. ; Petrov, P. ; Pol, N. S. ; Radovan, H. A. ; Ransom, S. M. ; Ray, P. S. ; Romano, J. D. ; Sardesai, S. C. ; Schmiedekamp, A. ; Schmiedekamp, C. ; Schmitz, K. ; Schröder, T. ; Schult, L. ; Shapiro-Albert, B. J. ; Siemens, X. ; Simon, J. ; Siwek, M. S. ; Stairs, I. H. ; Stinebring, D. R. ; Stovall, K. ; Stratmann, P. ; Sun, J. P. ; Susobhanan, A. ; Swiggum, J. K. ; Taylor, J. ; Taylor, S. R. ; Trickle, T. ; Turner, J. E. ; Unal, C. ; Vallisneri, M. ; Verma, S.Extern* ; Vigeland, S. J. ; Wahl, H. M. ; Wang, Q. ; Witt, C. A. ; Wright, D. ; Young, O. ; Zurek, K. M. ; NANOGrav Collaboration (Collaboration author)DESY*

2023
Institute of Physics Publ. London

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acdc91  doi:10.3204/PUBDB-2023-04004

Report No.: arXiv:2306.16219

Abstract: The 15 yr pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) shows positive evidence for the presence of a low-frequency gravitational-wave (GW) background. In this paper, we investigate potential cosmological interpretations of this signal, specifically cosmic inflation, scalar-induced GWs, first-order phase transitions, cosmic strings, and domain walls. We find that, with the exception of stable cosmic strings of field theory origin, all these models can reproduce the observed signal. When compared to the standard interpretation in terms of inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), many cosmological models seem to provide a better fit resulting in Bayes factors in the range from 10 to 100. However, these results strongly depend on modeling assumptions about the cosmic SMBHB population and, at this stage, should not be regarded as evidence for new physics. Furthermore, we identify excluded parameter regions where the predicted GW signal from cosmological sources significantly exceeds the NANOGrav signal. These parameter constraints are independent of the origin of the NANOGrav signal and illustrate how pulsar timing data provide a new way to constrain the parameter space of these models. Finally, we search for deterministic signals produced by models of ultralight dark matter (ULDM) and dark matter substructures in the Milky Way. We find no evidence for either of these signals and thus report updated constraints on these models. In the case of ULDM, these constraints outperform torsion balance and atomic clock constraints for ULDM coupled to electrons, muons, or gluons.

Keyword(s): black hole, binary ; cosmic string, stability ; NANOGrav ; new physics ; dark matter ; gravitational radiation ; pulsar ; observatory ; critical phenomena ; domain wall ; inflation ; background ; torsion ; structure ; cosmological model

Note: 74 pages, 31 figures, 4 tables; published in Astrophysical Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or comments, please email comments@nanograv.org

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Theorie-Gruppe (T)

Research Program(s):

1. 611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) (POF4-611)
2. DFG project 390833306 - EXC 2121: Quantum Universe (390833306) (390833306)
3. GRK 2149 - GRK 2149: Starke und schwache Wechselwirkung - von Hadronen zu Dunkler Materie (269952272) (269952272)

Experiment(s):

1. No specific instrument

Appears in the scientific report 2023

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Database coverage:
; ; ; ; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences ; DOAJ Seal ; IF >= 5 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Web of Science Core Collection

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Linked articles:

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Journal Article Afzal, A. ; Agazie, G. ; Anumarlapudi, A. ; et al
Erratum: “The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics” (2023, ApJL 951 L11)
The astrophysical journal / Part 2 971(1), L27 (2024) [10.3847/2041-8213/ad68fc]2024     Files  Fulltext by arXiv.org BibTeX | EndNote: XML, Text | RIS

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