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@ARTICLE{Afzal:586790,
      author       = {Afzal, Adeela and Agazie, Gabriella and Anumarlapudi, Akash
                      and Archibald, Anne M. and Arzoumanian, Zaven and Baker,
                      Paul T. and Bécsy, Bence and Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan and
                      Blecha, Laura and Boddy, Kimberly K. and Brazier, Adam and
                      Brook, Paul R. and Burke-Spolaor, Sarah and Burnette, Rand
                      and Case, Robin and Charisi, Maria and Chatterjee, Shami and
                      Chatziioannou, Katerina and Cheeseboro, Belinda D. and Chen,
                      Siyuan and Cohen, Tyler and Cordes, James M. and Cornish,
                      Neil J. and Crawford, Fronefield and Cromartie, H. Thankful
                      and Crowter, Kathryn and Cutler, Curt J. and DeCesar, Megan
                      E. and DeGan, Dallas and Demorest, Paul B. and Deng, Heling
                      and Dolch, Timothy and Drachler, Brendan and von
                      Eckardstein, Richard and Ferrara, Elizabeth C. and Fiore,
                      William and Fonseca, Emmanuel and Freedman, Gabriel E. and
                      Garver-Daniels, Nate and Gentile, Peter A. and Gersbach,
                      Kyle A. and Glaser, Joseph and Good, Deborah C. and Guertin,
                      Lydia and Gültekin, Kayhan and Hazboun, Jeffrey S. and
                      Hourihane, Sophie and Islo, Kristina and Jennings, Ross J.
                      and Johnson, Aaron D. and Jones, Megan L. and Kaiser, Andrew
                      R. and Kaplan, David L. and Kelley, Luke Zoltan and Kerr,
                      Matthew and Key, Joey S. and Laal, Nima and Lam, Michael T.
                      and Lamb, William G. and Lazio, T. Joseph W. and Lee,
                      Vincent S. H. and Lewandowska, Natalia and Lino dos Santos,
                      Rafael R. and Littenberg, Tyson B. and Liu, Tingting and
                      Lorimer, Duncan R. and Luo, Jing and Lynch, Ryan S. and Ma,
                      Chung-Pei and Madison, Dustin R. and McEwen, Alexander and
                      McKee, James W. and McLaughlin, Maura A. and McMann, Natasha
                      and Meyers, Bradley W. and Meyers, Patrick M. and
                      Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. and Mitridate, Andrea and Nay,
                      Jonathan and Natarajan, Priyamvada and Ng, Cherry and Nice,
                      David J. and Ocker, Stella Koch and Olum, Ken D. and
                      Pennucci, Timothy T. and Perera, Benetge B. P. and Petrov,
                      Polina and Pol, Nihan S. and Radovan, Henri A. and Ransom,
                      Scott M. and Ray, Paul S. and Romano, Joseph D. and
                      Sardesai, Shashwat C. and Schmiedekamp, Ann and
                      Schmiedekamp, Carl and Schmitz, Kai and Schröder, Tobias
                      and Schult, Levi and Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. and Siemens,
                      Xavier and Simon, Joseph and Siwek, Magdalena S. and Stairs,
                      Ingrid H. and Stinebring, Daniel R. and Stovall, Kevin and
                      Stratmann, Peter and Sun, Jerry P. and Susobhanan, Abhimanyu
                      and Swiggum, Joseph K. and Taylor, Jacob and Taylor, Stephen
                      R. and Trickle, Tanner and Turner, Jacob E. and Unal, Caner
                      and Vallisneri, Michele and Verma, Sonali and Vigeland,
                      Sarah J. and Wahl, Haley M. and Wang, Qiaohong and Witt,
                      Caitlin A. and Wright, David and Young, Olivia and Zurek,
                      Kathryn M.},
      collaboration = {{NANOGrav Collaboration}},
      title        = {{T}he {NANOG}rav 15-year {D}ata {S}et: {S}earch for
                      {S}ignals from {N}ew {P}hysics},
      journal      = {The astrophysical journal / 2},
      volume       = {951},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2041-8205},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Institute of Physics Publ.},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2023-04004, arXiv:2306.16219},
      pages        = {L11},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {74 pages, 31 figures, 4 tables; published in Astrophysical
                      Journal Letters as part of Focus on NANOGrav's 15-year Data
                      Set and the Gravitational Wave Background. For questions or
                      comments, please email comments@nanograv.org},
      abstract     = {The 15 yr pulsar timing data set collected by the North
                      American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves
                      (NANOGrav) shows positive evidence for the presence of a
                      low-frequency gravitational-wave (GW) background. In this
                      paper, we investigate potential cosmological interpretations
                      of this signal, specifically cosmic inflation,
                      scalar-induced GWs, first-order phase transitions, cosmic
                      strings, and domain walls. We find that, with the exception
                      of stable cosmic strings of field theory origin, all these
                      models can reproduce the observed signal. When compared to
                      the standard interpretation in terms of inspiraling
                      supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), many cosmological
                      models seem to provide a better fit resulting in Bayes
                      factors in the range from 10 to 100. However, these results
                      strongly depend on modeling assumptions about the cosmic
                      SMBHB population and, at this stage, should not be regarded
                      as evidence for new physics. Furthermore, we identify
                      excluded parameter regions where the predicted GW signal
                      from cosmological sources significantly exceeds the NANOGrav
                      signal. These parameter constraints are independent of the
                      origin of the NANOGrav signal and illustrate how pulsar
                      timing data provide a new way to constrain the parameter
                      space of these models. Finally, we search for deterministic
                      signals produced by models of ultralight dark matter (ULDM)
                      and dark matter substructures in the Milky Way. We find no
                      evidence for either of these signals and thus report updated
                      constraints on these models. In the case of ULDM, these
                      constraints outperform torsion balance and atomic clock
                      constraints for ULDM coupled to electrons, muons, or
                      gluons.},
      keywords     = {black hole, binary (INSPIRE) / cosmic string, stability
                      (INSPIRE) / NANOGrav (INSPIRE) / new physics (INSPIRE) /
                      dark matter (INSPIRE) / gravitational radiation (INSPIRE) /
                      pulsar (INSPIRE) / observatory (INSPIRE) / critical
                      phenomena (INSPIRE) / domain wall (INSPIRE) / inflation
                      (INSPIRE) / background (INSPIRE) / torsion (INSPIRE) /
                      structure (INSPIRE) / cosmological model (INSPIRE)},
      cin          = {T},
      ddc          = {520},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)T-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) / DFG
                      project 390833306 - EXC 2121: Quantum Universe (390833306) /
                      GRK 2149 - GRK 2149: Starke und schwache Wechselwirkung -
                      von Hadronen zu Dunkler Materie (269952272)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(GEPRIS)390833306 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)269952272},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2306.16219},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2306.16219},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2306.16219;\%\%$},
      UT           = {WOS:001023733700001},
      doi          = {10.3847/2041-8213/acdc91},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/586790},
}