Journal Article

PUBDB-2021-00319

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Shot noise limited soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in solution at a SASE-FEL using a transmission grating beam splitter

Engel, R.Extern*DESY* ; Ekimova, M. ; Miedema, P.Extern*XFEL.EU*DESY* ; Kleine, C.Extern* ; Ludwig, J. ; Ochmann, M.CFEL*Extern* ; Grimm-Lebsanft, B.Extern* ; Ma, R.CFEL* ; Teubner, M.CFEL*Extern* ; Dziarzhytski, S.DESY* ; Brenner, G.DESY* ; Czwalinna, M. K.DESY* ; Roesner, B.Extern* ; Kim, T. K. ; David, C.Extern* ; Herres-Pawlis, S.Extern* ; Rübhausen, M. ; Nibbering, E. T. J.Extern* ; Huse, N. (Corresponding author)CFEL*Extern* ; Beye, M. (Corresponding author)DESY*

2021
AIP Publishing LLC Melville, NY

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1063/4.0000049  doi:10.3204/PUBDB-2021-00319

Abstract: X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy provides element specificity and is a powerful experimental method to probe local unoccupied electronic structures. In the soft x-ray regime, it is especially well suited for the study of 3d-metals and light elements such as nitrogen. Recent developments in vacuum-compatible liquid flat jets have facilitated soft x-ray transmission spectroscopy on molecules in solution, providing information on valence charge distributions of hetero atoms and metal centers. Here, we demonstrate XANES spectroscopy of molecules in solution at the nitrogen K-edge, performed at FLASH, the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) in Hamburg. A split-beam referencing scheme optimally characterizes the strong shot-to-shot fluctuations intrinsic to the process of self-amplified spontaneous emission on which most FELs are based. Due to this normalization, a sensitivity of 1% relative transmission change is achieved, limited by fundamental photon shot noise. The effective FEL bandwidth is increased by streaking the electron energy over the FEL pulse train to measure a wider spectral window without changing FEL parameters. We propose modifications to the experimental setup with the potential of improving the instrument sensitivity by two orders of magnitude, thereby exploiting the high peak fluence of FELs to enable unprecedented sensitivity for femtosecond XANES spectroscopy on liquids in the soft x-ray spectral region.

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. FS-FLASH (FS-FLASH)
2. Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics (UNI-INF)
3. Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
4. FLASH Photonen-Strahlführungen und Optiken (FS-FLASH-B)
5. Strahlkontrollen (MSK)
6. DOOR-User (DOOR ; HAS-User)

Research Program(s):

1. 6G2 - FLASH (DESY) (POF4-6G2) (POF4-6G2)
2. 631 - Matter – Dynamics, Mechanisms and Control (POF4-631) (POF4-631)
3. VH-NG-1105 - Novel soft X-ray spectroscopies for materials science (2016_IVF-VH-NG-1105) (2016_IVF-VH-NG-1105)
4. XRayProton - Ultrafast Structural Dynamics of Elementary Water-Mediated Proton Transport Processes (788704) (788704)
5. DFG project 170620586 - SFB 925: Licht-induzierte Dynamik und Kontrolle korrelierter Quantensysteme (170620586) (170620586)

Experiment(s):

1. FLASH Beamline PG2 (FLASH)

Appears in the scientific report 2021

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