Journal Article

PUBDB-2026-02275

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Electron-ion equilibration in superheated gold

Griffin, T. D. (Corresponding author) ; Gericke, D. O. ; Haden, D. ; Lee, H. J. ; Galtier, E. ; Cunningham, E. ; Khaghani, D. ; Larsen, M. ; Wollenweber, L. ; Armentrout, B. ; Convery, C. ; Appel, K. ; Dyer, G. ; Fletcher, L. B. ; Göde, S. ; Hastings, J. B. ; Iratcabal, J. ; McBride, E. E.Extern* ; Molina, J. ; Monaco, G. ; Morrison, L. ; Stramel, H. ; Yunus, S. ; Zastrau, U. ; Glenzer, S. H. ; Gregori, G. ; Nagler, B. ; White, T. G. (Corresponding author)Extern*

2026
Springer Nature [London]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74346-9  doi:10.3204/PUBDB-2026-02275

Abstract: Electron-ion equilibration dynamics in samples driven into superheated stateswith multi-eV electron temperatures represent a fundamental process innonequilibrium physics. A clear picture of the evolving ion temperature isessential for understanding the strength of the electron-ion coupling. How-ever, direct, model-independent measurements of the ion temperature inlaser-irradiated samples have remained experimentally elusive. Using inelasticX-ray scattering with meV-resolution in gold samples, the ion response toultrafast heating by the hot electrons can be resolved, quantifying theelectron-ion equilibration dynamics. We report measurements revealing astrongly enhanced energy transfer rate compared to that in weakly excitedgold. Moreover, we obtain a quasi-constant electron-ion coupling at the highlyelevated electron temperatures. These results place new constraints onelectron-ion energy transfer in warm dense matter and establish a path towardquantitative benchmarking of models for nonequilibrium dynamics

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. HED (XFEL_E1_HED)

Research Program(s):

1. 6G13 - Accelerator of European XFEL (POF4-6G13) (POF4-6G13)

Experiment(s):

1. Experiments at XFEL

Appears in the scientific report 2026

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