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| Home > Publications database > Influence of Al Doping on Structure, Morphology and Optical Properties of TiO$_2$ Nanoparticles |
| Home > Publications database > Influence of Al Doping on Structure, Morphology and Optical Properties of TiO$_2$ Nanoparticles |
| Journal Article | PUBDB-2026-02113 |
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2026
Bogolyubov Inst. for Theoretical Physics of the Nat. Acad. Sci. of Ukraine
Kyiv
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.15407/ujpe71.10.824 doi:10.3204/PUBDB-2026-02113
Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO$_2$) nanoparticles, both undoped and heterovalently substituted with aluminum ions, were synthesized using sol–gel routes. The influence of synthesis parameters, annealing temperature (500–900°C), and Al$^{3+}$ doping concentration on the phase composition, crystallographic parameters, crystallite size, defect structure, and optical properties of TiO$_2$ was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a temperature-driven anatase-to-rutile phase transformation in undoped TiO$_2$, while aluminum incorporation stabilized the anatase phase at moderate temperatures and suppressed rutile formation. At elevated temperatures and high dopant concentrations, a solubility limit of Al$^{3+}$ in the TiO$_2$ lattice was observed, leading to the formation of secondary α-Al$_2$O$_3$ phases. Crystallite size analysis showed that increasing annealing temperature promotes grain growth and reduces lattice defect density, whereas Al$^{3+}$ doping inhibits crystallite growth in anatase and increases defect concentration. In contrast, for rutile TiO$_2$ at high temperatures, aluminum incorporation enhances crystallite growth and lattice ordering. Photoluminescence studies demonstrated weak intrinsic emission of TiO$_2$ governed by defect-related states, with emission bands attributed to surface states, oxygen vacancies, and Ti$^{3+}$ centers. Highly Al$^{3+}$-doped samples exhibited additional red and near-infrared emission bands, which were assigned to trace Cr$^{3+}$ impurities unintentionally introduced with aluminum precursors. The results demonstrate that synthesis conditions and heterovalent substitution provide effective tools for tuning the structural, morphological, and optical properties of TiO$_2$ nanoparticles. The findings highlight the critical role of defect chemistry, phase composition, and impurity-related effects in tailoring TiO$_2$-based materials for UV-blocking, cosmetic, and photonic applications.
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