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| Journal Article/Dataset | PUBDB-2026-01345 |
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2025
Nature Publ. Group
London [u.a.]
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10025-x doi:10.5281/ZENODO.17630322
Abstract: Raw data in hdf5 format used for figures and performance parameters for the publication 'Lasing in a Cavity-Based X-ray Source' as well as processed data for figures in xlsx format. Files: PhotoDiodeData_ColdCavity.h5Photodiode data in the case without seeding. Was used to compute the cold cavity ringdown. There were 100 active electron bunches in the train. The ringdown can be observed starting with the 101st peak.Data: /train_ids(float64, [N]): The absolute train id (same for all detectors) for per specific electron bunch train n /timestamps_all_ns(datetime64[ns], [N]): The timestamp in nanoseconds since epoch corresponding to the bunch train number /Photodiode Trace(float64, [N,M]): The raw photodiode data in shape (train number,time) /PD time(float64, [M]): The inter-train time sampling of the photodiode data in nanoseconds /Mean PD Trace(float64, [M]): The average over all trains N. /PD baseline(float64, [M]): The baseline of the mean photodiode trace, computed using asymmetric least squares smoothing PhotoDiodeData_Lasing_GratingOut.h5Photodiode data in the case with seeding. Was used to compute the cavity ring-down with seeding. There were 100 active electron bunches in the train. The ring-down can be observed starting with the 101st peak. During the data taking, the outcoupling grating was removed, which yielded a much reduced base flux compared to the cold cavity case.Data: /train_ids(float64, [N]): The absolute train id (same for all detectors) for electron bunch train n /timestamps_all_ns(datetime64[ns], [N]): The timestamp in nanoseconds since epoch corresponding to the bunch train number /Photodiode Trace(float64, [N,M]): The raw photodiode data in shape (train number,time) /PD time(float64, [M]): The inter-train time sampling of the photodiode data in nanoseconds /Mean PD Trace(float64, [M]): The average over all trains N. /PD baseline(float64, [M]): The baseline of the mean photodiode trace, computed using asymmetric least squares smoothing HIREX_PD_DetuneScan.h5Spectrometer (HIREX) and photodiode data taken during scanning the cavity lengthData: /train_ids(float64, [N]): The absolute train id (same for all detectors) for electron bunch train n /timestamps_all_ns(datetime64[ns], [N]): The timestamp in nanoseconds since epoch corresponding to the bunch train number /HIREX_DATA(float64, [N,J,E]): The linearized spectrometer data in shape (train number,electron bunch number, photon energy). The data is in arbitrary units. At values > 70000, the detector data loses its linearity. Attributes: E_center_eV (float): 6951.71 eV, the photon energy at the central pixel pixel_center (int): 857, the central pixel eV_per_pixel (float): 0.08 eV, the detector dispersion calib_HIREX [µJ per signal unit] (float): 2E-5 µJ/eV, the conversion factor from the signal unit to physical data /Photodiode Trace(float64, [N,M]): The raw photodiode data in shape (train number,time) /PD time(float64, [M]): The inter-train time sampling of the photodiode data in nanoseconds /linstage position(float64, [N]): The encoder readback of the linear movement stage in mm in shape (train number). With attribute: ref pos. (float64): -1809.1352 mm, The reference position for the linear stage (Delta_z = 0), which was manually set from the scan. HIREX_XGM_lowAtt_data.h5Spectrometer (HIREX) and slow gas monitor data taken when seeding was observed (Delta_z=0) and the transmissive outcoupling grating was removed. Few filters were inserted for the spectrometer, giving it a high dynamic range but also letting it witness detector saturation effects at data>7E4.Data: /train_ids(float64, [N]): The absolute train id (same for all detectors) for electron bunch train n /timestamps_all_ns(datetime64[ns], [N]): The timestamp in nanoseconds since epoch corresponding to the bunch train number /HIREX_DATA(float64, [N,J,E]): The linearized spectrometer data in shape (train number,electron bunch number, photon energy). The data is in abitrary units. At values > 70000, the detector data loses its linearity. Attributes: E_center_eV (float): 6951.71 eV, the photon energy at the central pixel pixel_center (int): 857, the central pixel eV_per_pixel (float): 0.08 eV, the detector dispersion calib_HIREX [µJ per signal unit] (float): 2E-5 µJ/eV, the conversion factor from the signal unit to physical data /XGM_Ion(float64, [N,M]): The calibrated photo-ion signal of a X-ray Gas Monitor in µJ, giving an average signal per electron bunch per train. In order to yield meaningful data, the signal needs to settle on a timescale >30 seconds. /XGM_Ion_sigma(float64, [N,M]): The calibrated rms error of the photo-ion signal in µJ. HIREX_XGM_highAtt_data.h5Spectrometer (HIREX) and slow gas monitor data taken when seeding was observed (Delta_z=0) and the transmissive outcoupling grating was removed. Aluminum filters were inserted for the spectrometer, reducing showing correct values at high photon flux.Data: /train_ids(float64, [N]): The absolute train id (same for all detectors) for electron bunch train n /timestamps_all_ns(datetime64[ns], [N]): The timestamp in nanoseconds since epoch corresponding to the bunch train number /HIREX_DATA(float64, [N,J,E]): The linearized spectrometer data in shape (train number,electron bunch number, photon energy). The data is in abitrary units. At values > 70000, the detector data loses its linearity. Attributes: E_center_eV (float): 6951.71 eV, the photon energy at the central pixel pixel_center (int): 857, the central pixel eV_per_pixel (float): 0.08 eV, the detector dispersion calib_HIREX [µJ per signal unit] (float): 0.5 µJ/eV, the conversion factor from the signal unit to physical data /XGM_Ion(float64, [N,M]): The calibrated photo-ion signal of a X-ray Gas Monitor in µJ, giving an average signal per electron bunch per train. In order to yield meaningful data, the signal needs to settle on a timescale >30 seconds. /XGM_Ion_sigma(float64, [N,M]): The calibrated rms error of the photo-ion signal in µJ.
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Journal Article
Lasing of a cavity-based X-ray source
Nature 650(8100), 93 - 96 (2026) [10.1038/s41586-025-10025-x]
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