Contribution to a conference proceedings/Journal Article

PUBDB-2026-02019

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Probing the firn refractive index profile using antenna response

Agarwal, S. ; Aguilar, J. A. ; Alden, N. ; Ali, S. ; Allison, P. ; Betts, M. ; Besson, D. ; Bishop, A. ; Botner, O. ; Bouma, S. ; Buitink, S. ; Camphyn, R. ; Chiche, S. ; Clark, B. ; Coleman, A. ; Couberly, K. ; De Kockere, S. ; deVries, K. ; Deaconu, C. ; Giri, P. ; Glaser, C. ; Glusenkamp, T. ; Hallgren, A. ; Hallmann, S.Extern*DESY* ; Hanson, J. C. ; Hendricks, B. ; Henrichs, J. ; Heyer, N. ; Hornhuber, C. ; Huesca Santiago, E.DESY* ; Hughes, K. ; Karg, T.DESY* ; Karle, A. ; Kelly, J. ; Korntheuer, M. ; Kowalski, M.DESY* ; Kravchenko, I. ; Krebs, R. ; Lahmann, R. ; Liu, M. ; Marsee, M. J. ; McLennan, C. ; Mikhailova, M. ; Mulrey, K. ; Muzio, M. ; Nelles, A.DESY* ; Novikov, A. ; Nozdrina, A. ; Oberla, E. ; Oeyen, B. ; Punsuebsay, N. ; Pyras, L. ; Ravn, M. ; Ryckbosh, D. ; Schluter, F. ; Scholten, O. ; Seckel, D. ; Seikh, M. F. H. ; Stachurska, J. ; Stoffels, J. ; Toscano, S. ; Tosi, D. ; Tutt, J. ; Van den Broeck, D. ; van Eijndhoven, N. ; Vieregg, A. G. ; Vijai, A. ; Welling, C. ; Williams, D. ; Windischhofer, P. ; Wissel, S. ; Young, R. ; Zink, A.

2026
Cambridge University Press Cambridge

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1017/jog.2026.10133

Abstract: The Radio Neutrino Observatory-Greenland (RNO-G, at Summit Station) experiment comprises an extensive fat-dipole antenna array deployed into ice boreholes over an eventual area of approximately 35 km2. Since the RNO-G experimental sensitivity depends on the radio-frequency properties of the firn, which are known to vary laterally on sub-km distance scales and vertically on sub-meter distance scales, a technique for quickly extracting information on firn ice properties with depth (𝑛⁡(𝑧)) during drilling and deployment is desirable. Given that a dipole’s resonant wavelength is fixed by geometry, the resonant frequency 𝑓𝑟⁢𝑒⁢𝑠 (measured as an S-parameter reflection coefficient [‘𝑆11’] minimum) scales inversely with the local refractive index, allowing a translation of a depth-dependent 𝑆11(z) profile into 𝑛⁡(𝑧). 𝑆11(z) data were initially taken in August 2024 using a dipole lowered into a newly drilled 98 ± 1 mm diameter, 350 m deep borehole at Summit Station, Greenland, approximately 1 km from the site of the original GISP-2 core; improved measurements were subsequently made in May 2025. We conclude that 𝑆11(z) data can be used to estimate 𝑛⁡(𝑧), on 50 cm vertical scales, at the per cent level of accuracy required by experiments such as RN0-G.

Note: cc-by

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. RADIO (Z-RAD)

Research Program(s):

1. RadNu - Radio detection of the PeV - EeV cosmic-neutrino flux (805486) (805486)
2. 613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613) (POF4-613)

Experiment(s):

1. No specific instrument

Appears in the scientific report 2026

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