Journal Article

PUBDB-2026-00813

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Synchrotron X-ray diffraction for carbide evolution during tempering of laser powder bed fusion tool steel

Panahi, N. (Corresponding author)Extern* ; Grehk, M.Extern*

2026
Elsevier New York, NY [u.a.]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139762

Abstract: In pursuit of enhancing the mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-produced hot work tool steels, this study investigates the evolution of carbides from the as-built state to the quenched and tempered conditions of a modified H13 steel. The heat treatment involved austenitization and quenching, followed by tempering at two temperatures: 600 °C and 625 °C. To monitor microstructural changes over time, tempering durations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 120, 130, 140, 160, 200, and 240 min were applied at both temperatures. Subsequently, the samples underwent synchrotron radiation analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hardness testing. The results revealed notable variations in carbide fractions, martensite tetragonality, and micro-strain depending on tempering time and temperature. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) is shown to effectively track carbide evolution in L-PBF tool steels which provides guidance for optimizing post-process heat treatment.

Note: This research was co-financed by KK-Foundation (no. 20190033).

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. DOOR-User (DOOR ; HAS-User)

Research Program(s):

1. 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) (POF4-6G3)
2. FS-Proposal: I-20221353 EC (I-20221353-EC) (I-20221353-EC)
3. SWEDEN-DESY - SWEDEN-DESY Collaboration (2020_Join2-SWEDEN-DESY) (2020_Join2-SWEDEN-DESY)

Experiment(s):

1. PETRA Beamline P21.2 (PETRA III)

Appears in the scientific report 2026

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Database coverage:
; Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List ; Current Contents - Engineering, Computing and Technology ; Current Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences ; Ebsco Academic Search ; Essential Science Indicators ; IF < 5 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Science Citation Index Expanded ; Web of Science Core Collection

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