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@ARTICLE{Raveendran:639369,
      author       = {Raveendran, Dhanya and Dalloul, Feras and Mietner, J.
                      Benedikt and Barba, Enguerrand and Chen, Shouzheng and
                      Zaytseva-Zotova, Daria and Sochor, Benedikt and Koyiloth
                      Vayalil, Sarathlal and Müller-Buschbaum, Peter and Tiainen,
                      Hanna and Roth, Stephan V. and Navarro, Julien R. G.},
      title        = {3{D} {P}rintable {H}ydrogel {B}ased on {TEMPO}-{O}xidized
                      {C}ellulose {N}anofibrils and {F}moc-{FF} for {E}nhanced
                      {B}iological {P}erformance and {C}ell {A}dhesion},
      journal      = {ACS applied nano materials},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {38},
      issn         = {2574-0970},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-04464},
      pages        = {18571 - 18583},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Herein, we report a 3D printable ink made of a
                      peptide-polysaccharide hybrid hydrogel composed of
                      fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) peptide
                      and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (ToCNF),
                      synthesized using a pH-dependent sol–gel transition
                      method. The ToCNF suspension is synthesized through the
                      mechanical breakdown of a cellulose pulp using a
                      microfluidizer, followed by its oxidation mediated with
                      2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). The properties
                      of the hybrid inks are compared in the presence
                      (ToCNF/Fmoc-FF-Ca2+) and absence (ToCNF/Fmoc-FF) of the
                      divalent cation Ca2+, which acts as the cross-linker, at two
                      optimized weight ratios (r) of ToCNF and Fmoc-FF (r = 4.5
                      and 6.5). The rheological measurements show that the yield
                      strength of the ToCNF/Fmoc-FF-Ca2+ gel is almost double that
                      of the hydrogel composite without Ca2+ ions, especially at
                      the concentration (C) of 10 mM CaCl2. This finding is
                      further verified by 3D gel printing, which produced good
                      quality prints with the cation cross-linked hydrogel. The
                      structural analysis by Field Emission Scanning Electron
                      Microscopy shows that the calcium ions can cross-link the
                      ToCNF and also enhance the self-assembly of Fmoc-FF, which
                      leads to the formation of rigid compact nanofibers even at
                      physiological pH. The electrostatic interaction of the
                      positively charged Ca2+ ions onto the negatively charged
                      surface carboxylate groups of ToCNF and Fmoc-FF is analyzed
                      by zeta potential (ζ) measurements. Small-angle X-ray
                      scattering measurements give deeper structural insights into
                      the interaction of Fmoc-FF with ToCNF. Cell responses to the
                      hydrogels are studied in human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) in
                      a direct contact test using a live/dead assay and in extract
                      test using Alamar Blue and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The
                      results show that high loading of Fmoc-FF decreases cell
                      viability, while additional cross-linking with calcium
                      reduces this cytotoxic effect.},
      cin          = {FS DOOR-User / FS-SMA / FS-PETRA-D},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)FS_DOOR-User-20241023$ /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-SMA-20220811 / I:(DE-H253)FS-PETRA-D-20210408},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) /
                      FS-Proposal: I-20230937 (I-20230937)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 /
                      G:(DE-H253)I-20230937},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P03-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsanm.5c03356},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/639369},
}