%0 Journal Article
%A Laksman, Joakim
%A Dietrich, Florian
%A Maltezopoulos, Theophilos
%A Liu, Jia
%A Ferreira de Lima, Danilo Enoque
%A Gerasimova, Natalia
%A Karpics, Ivars
%A Kujala, Naresh
%A Schmidt, Philipp
%A Karabekyan, Suren
%A Serkez, Svitozar
%A Gruenert, Jan
%T Operation of Photo Electron Spectrometers for Non-Invasive Photon Diagnostics at the European X-Ray Free Electron Laser
%J Applied Sciences
%V 14
%N 22
%@ 2076-3417
%C Basel
%I MDPI
%M PUBDB-2025-04308
%P 10152 -
%D 2024
%X Angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometers with microchannel plate detectors and fast digitizer electronics are versatile and powerful devices for providing non-invasive single-shot photon diagnostics at a MHz repetition rate X-ray free-electron lasers. In this contribution, we demonstrate and characterize the performance of our two operational photoelectron spectrometers for the application of hard X-rays and soft X-rays as well as new automation tools and online data analysis that enable continuous support for machine operators and instrument scientists. Customized software has been developed for the real-time monitoring of photon beam polarization and spectral distribution both in single-color and two-color operation. Hard X-ray operation imposes specific design challenges due to poor photoionization cross-sections and very high photoelectron velocities. Furthermore, recent advancements in machine learning enable resolution enhancement by training the photoelectron spectrometer together with an invasive high-resolution spectrometer, which generates a response function model.
%F PUB:(DE-HGF)16
%9 Journal Article
%R 10.3390/app142210152
%U https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/639105