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@ARTICLE{Haddad:633245,
      author       = {Haddad, Elie and Lach, Marie-Cathrin and Spurk, Christoph
                      and Hummel, Marc and Haeusler, Andre and Olowinsky,
                      Alexander and Beckmann, Felix and Moosmann, Julian},
      title        = {{I}n {S}itu {X}-ray {P}hase {C}ontrast {I}maging of
                      {H}umping {F}ormation {D}uring {L}aser {B}eam {W}elding of
                      1.4404 {S}tainless {S}teel},
      journal      = {Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering},
      volume       = {20},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1880-0688},
      address      = {Osaka},
      publisher    = {[Verlag nicht ermittelbar]},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-02371},
      pages        = {1 - 9},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Waiting for fulltext},
      abstract     = {Continuous development of laser beam sources and process
                      technologies allows higher welding speeds, partly due to the
                      high focus ability and brilliance of fiber laser sources.
                      However, the increasing interest in cost-efficient
                      production of bipolar plates for fuel cells, for example,
                      poses a challenge due to imperfections, which occur during
                      high-speed welding of metals. A particular defect –
                      referred to as humping in the welding sector – manifests
                      itself in the form of periodical accumulation of solidified
                      melt on the weld bead surface. The main objective of this
                      paper is to establish a basic under- standing of humping,
                      which could allow a shift of the effect to higher welding
                      speeds for stainless steel 316L. This is done through tests
                      using in-situ X-ray videographic images. Factors of
                      capillary dynamics and capillary behavior that cause humping
                      are analyzed. Furthermore, attempts to shift the humping
                      limit are investigated using an Adjustable Ring Mode (ARM)
                      laser. With the flexible power control of the core to ring
                      beam, the capillary dynamics and the occurrence of humping
                      are closely examined. Finally, new findings with regards to
                      the indicators for the occurrence of humping and anssessment
                      of the use of an ARM laser to avoid humping are
                      deduced.Keywords: laser welding, stainless steel, humping,
                      welding speed, keyhole dynamics, vapor capillary, X-ray
                      imaging},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / Hereon},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)Hereon-20210428},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / FS-Proposal:
                      BAG-20211050 (BAG-20211050) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)236616214 - SFB 1120: Bauteilpräzision durch
                      Beherrschung von Schmelze und Erstarrung in
                      Produktionsprozessen (236616214) / SFB 1120 A01 - Steuerung
                      von Geometrie und Metallurgie beim
                      Laserstrahl-Mikroschweißen durch Beeinflussung der
                      Schmelzbaddynamik über örtlich und zeitlich angepassten
                      Energieeintrag (A01) (260036706)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)BAG-20211050 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)236616214 / G:(GEPRIS)260036706},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.2961/jlmn.2025.01.2001},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/633245},
}