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@ARTICLE{Thuermer:630677,
      author       = {Thuermer, Stephan and Stemer, Dominik and Trinter, Florian
                      and Kiyan, Igor Yu and Winter, Bernd and Wilkinson, Iain},
      title        = {{L}ow-{E}nergy {P}hotoelectron {S}pectroscopy and
                      {S}cattering from {A}queous {S}olutions and the {R}ole of
                      {S}olute {S}urface {A}ctivity},
      journal      = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
      volume       = {147},
      number       = {23},
      issn         = {0002-7863},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-01897},
      pages        = {19868 - 19877},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Open Access},
      abstract     = {Experimental insights into low-kinetic-energy electron
                      scattering in aqueous solutions are essential for an
                      improved understanding of electron-driven chemistry and
                      radiobiology, and the development and informed application
                      of aqueous-phase electron-based spectroscopy and dichroism
                      methods. Generally, in aqueous environments and for electron
                      kinetic energies below 12–15 eV, significant and, thus
                      far, incompletely understood low-energy-transfer inelastic
                      electron scattering with solvent molecules preponderates.
                      This leads to cascades of tens-of-meV kinetic-energy losses
                      that distort nascent photoelectron spectra, prevent direct
                      and accurate electron-binding-energy measurements, and limit
                      possibilities to determine electron-scattering cross
                      sections at especially low electron kinetic energies. Here,
                      we quantify aqueous-phase inelastic-scattering-based energy
                      losses using 1–30 eV kinetic energy photoelectrons and
                      liquid-jet photoemission spectroscopy, specifically by
                      photoionizing an exemplary surface-active solute and
                      comparing the results with those from the homogeneously
                      distributed aqueous solvent. Thereby, we identify a general
                      ≳17 eV electron-kinetic-energy requirement for the direct
                      and accurate measurement of aqueous-phase electron binding
                      energies, irrespective of interfacial concentration
                      profiles. Further, at electron kinetic energies from 10 eV
                      down to a few-eV above the ionization threshold, we observe
                      and quantify lower degrees of scattering for photoelectrons
                      generated from surface-active solutes, allowing moderately
                      distorted surface-active-solute photoemission peaks to be
                      resolved down to just few-eV electron kinetic energies.
                      These results demonstrate that liquid-jet photoemission
                      spectroscopy can be used to probe interfacial
                      surface-active-solute dynamics and dichroism effects close
                      to ionization thresholds, in stark contrast to similar
                      experiments on homogeneously distributed solution
                      components. Furthermore, they offer novel insights into
                      low-electron-kinetic-energy scattering in aqueous
                      environments, thereby addressing the current lack of
                      reliable experimental data in this critical energy range.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / FS-Proposal:
                      II-20210015 (II-20210015) / FS-Proposal: II-20230689
                      (II-20230689) / AQUACHIRAL - Chiral aqueous-phase chemistry
                      (883759)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)II-20210015 /
                      G:(DE-H253)II-20230689 / G:(EU-Grant)883759},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P04-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40454638},
      doi          = {10.1021/jacs.5c04263},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/630677},
}