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@INPROCEEDINGS{Reckleben:617750,
      author       = {Reckleben, Christian and Hansen, Karsten and Mulyanto, Budi
                      and Chauhan, Ankur},
      title        = {{A} front-end circuit for a {M}onolithic {A}ctive {P}ixel
                      {S}ensor in 65-nm {CMOS} {T}echnology},
      school       = {DESY},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-07028},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {This work presents an analog front-end circuitry
                      implemented in a monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS)
                      fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS imaging technology. It combines
                      the low-capacitance collection electrode (< 2 fF) and an
                      analog processor featuring a charge-sensitive amplifier
                      (CSA) driving a fast continuous-time threshold comparator.
                      The CSA features a gain stage along with a Krummenacher-type
                      feedback network. Its gain approximately amounts to 130
                      µV/e- and provides a rise time of 5 ns. The negative
                      feedback provides leakage current compensation of the sensor
                      diode and a continuous linear discharge of the feedback
                      capacitor. This implements a time-over-threshold (ToT)
                      measurement in combination with the comparator. Threshold
                      voltage and Krummenacher-bias current can be adjusted pixel
                      wise by using a 4-bit and 3-bit DAC, respectively. The
                      prototype shows an input referred noise charge smaller than
                      35 e-rms. It takes an overall area of 500 µm2, the power
                      consumption is less than 4 µW at a power supply of 1.2 V.
                      Beside design aspects electrical and spectral
                      characterization of a small pixel matrix will be shown in
                      this work.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2024-10-26},
      organization  = {IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Tampa
                       (FL), 26 Oct 2024 - 2 Nov 2024},
      cin          = {FE},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FE-20120731},
      pnm          = {622 - Detector Technologies and Systems (POF4-622)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-622},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)TestBeamline21-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      doi          = {10.1109/NSS/MIC/RTSD57108.2024.10657527},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/617750},
}