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@ARTICLE{Wanstall:607160,
      author       = {Wanstall, Hannah and Burkart, Florian and Dinter, Hannes
                      and Kellermeier, Max and Kuropka, Willi and Mayet, Frank and
                      Vinatier, Thomas and Santina, Elham and Chadwick, Amy L. and
                      Merchant, Michael J. and Henthorn, Nicholas T. and Köpke,
                      Michael and Stacey, Blae and Jaster-Merz, Sonja Meike and
                      Jones, Roger M.},
      title        = {{F}irst in vitro measurement of {VHEE} relative biological
                      effectiveness ({RBE}) in lung and prostate cancer cells
                      using the {ARES} linac at {DESY}},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2024-01803},
      pages        = {10957},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Very high energy electrons (VHEE) are a potential candidate
                      for radiotherapy applications. Thisincludes tumours in
                      inhomogeneous regions such as lung and prostate cancers, due
                      to the insensitivityof VHEE to inhomogeneities. This study
                      explores how electrons in the VHEE range can be used
                      toperform successful in vitro radiobiological studies. The
                      ARES (accelerator research experiment atSINBAD) facility at
                      DESY, Hamburg, Germany was used to deliver 154 MeV electrons
                      to both prostate(PC3) and lung (A549) cancer cells in
                      suspension. Dose was delivered to samples with repeatability
                      anduniformity, quantified with Gafchromic film. Cell
                      survival in response to VHEE was measured using
                      theclonogenic assay to determine the biological
                      effectiveness of VHEE in cancer cells for the first
                      timeusing this method. Equivalent experiments were performed
                      using 300 kVp X-rays, to enable VHEEirradiated cells to be
                      compared with conventional photons. VHEE irradiated cancer
                      cell survival wasfitted to the linear quadratic (LQ) model
                      (R2 = 0.96–0.97). The damage from VHEE and X-ray
                      irradiatedcells at doses between 1.41 and 6.33 Gy are
                      comparable, suggesting similar relative
                      biologicaleffectiveness (RBE) between the two modalities.
                      This suggests VHEE is as damaging as photonradiotherapy and
                      therefore could be used to successfully damage cancer cells
                      during radiotherapy. TheRBE of VHEE was quantified as the
                      relative doses required for $50\%$ (D0.5) and $10\%$ (D0.1)
                      cell survival.Using these values, VHEE RBE was measured as
                      0.93 (D0.5) and 0.99 (D0.1) for A549 and 0.74 (D0.5)and 0.93
                      (D0.1) for PC3 cell lines respectively. For the first time,
                      this study has shown that 154 MeVelectrons can be used to
                      effectively kill lung and prostate cancer cells, suggesting
                      that VHEE would bea viable radiotherapy modality. Several
                      studies have shown that VHEE has characteristics that
                      wouldoffer significant improvements over conventional photon
                      radiotherapy for example, electrons arerelatively easy to
                      steer and can be used to deliver dose rapidly and with high
                      efficiency. Studies haveshown improved dose distribution
                      with VHEE in treatment plans, in comparison to VMAT,
                      indicatingthat VHEE can offer improved and safer treatment
                      plans with reduced side effects. The biologicalresponse of
                      cancer cells to VHEE has not been sufficiently studied as of
                      yet, however this initialstudy provides some initial
                      insights into cell damage. VHEE offers significant benefits
                      over photonradiotherapy and therefore more studies are
                      required to fully understand the biological effectivenessof
                      VHEE.},
      cin          = {MPY1 / FS-TI},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)MPY1-20170908 / I:(DE-H253)FS-TI-20120731},
      pnm          = {621 - Accelerator Research and Development (POF4-621)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-621},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)ARES-20200101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38740830},
      UT           = {WOS:001222105400049},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-024-60585-7},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/607160},
}