000578755 001__ 578755 000578755 005__ 20250715173338.0 000578755 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41377-023-01176-5 000578755 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2047-7538 000578755 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2095-5545 000578755 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.3204/PUBDB-2023-00953 000578755 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:149127312 000578755 0247_ $$2pmid$$a37248250 000578755 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000998732800001 000578755 0247_ $$2openalex$$aopenalex:W4378745472 000578755 037__ $$aPUBDB-2023-00953 000578755 041__ $$aEnglish 000578755 082__ $$a530 000578755 1001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1094126$$aLi, Tang$$b0$$eFirst author 000578755 245__ $$aDose-efficient Scanning Compton X-ray Microscopy 000578755 260__ $$aLondon$$bNature Publishing Group$$c2023 000578755 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000578755 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000578755 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1718782530_3742813 000578755 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000578755 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000578755 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000578755 520__ $$aThe highest resolution of images of soft matter and biological materials is ultimately limited by modification of the structure, induced by the necessarily high energy of short-wavelength radiation. Imaging the inelastically scattered X-rays at a photon energy of 60 keV (0.02 nm wavelength) offers greater signal per energy transferred to the sample than coherent-scattering techniques such as phase-contrast microscopy and projection holography. We present images of dried, unstained, and unfixed biological objects obtained by scanning Compton X-ray microscopy, at a resolution of about 40 nm. This microscope was realised using novel wedged multilayer Laue lenses that were fabricated to sub-ångström precision, a new wavefront measurement scheme for hard X rays, and efficient pixel-array detectors. The doses required to form these images were as little as 0.02% of the tolerable dose and 0.05% of that needed for phase-contrast imaging at similar resolution using 12 keV photon energy. The images obtained provide a quantitative map of the projected mass density in the sample, as confirmed by imaging a silicon wedge. Based on these results, we find that it should be possible to obtain radiation damage-free images of biological samples at a resolution below 10 nm. 000578755 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-633$$a633 - Life Sciences – Building Blocks of Life: Structure and Function (POF4-633)$$cPOF4-633$$fPOF IV$$x0 000578755 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3$$a6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3)$$cPOF4-6G3$$fPOF IV$$x1 000578755 536__ $$0G:(GEPRIS)390715994$$aDFG project 390715994 - EXC 2056: CUI: Advanced Imaging of Matter (390715994)$$c390715994$$x2 000578755 536__ $$0G:(GEPRIS)194651731$$aDFG project 194651731 - EXC 1074: Hamburger Zentrum für ultraschnelle Beobachtung (CUI): Struktur, Dynamik und Kontrolle von Materie auf atomarer Skala (194651731)$$c194651731$$x3 000578755 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, Journals: bib-pubdb1.desy.de 000578755 693__ $$0EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101$$1EXP:(DE-H253)PETRAIII-20150101$$6EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101$$aPETRA III$$fPETRA Beamline P07$$x0 000578755 7001_ 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