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@PHDTHESIS{GonzalezCaminal:480259,
      author       = {Gonzalez Caminal, Pau},
      othercontributors = {D'Arcy, Richard and Hillert, Wolfgang},
      title        = {{T}ime-{R}esolved {P}hase-{S}pace {C}haracterisation of
                      {P}lasma-{W}akefield-{A}ccelerated {E}lectrons at
                      {FLASHF}orward},
      school       = {Universität Hamburg},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Hamburg},
      publisher    = {Verlag Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2022-03578, DESY-THESIS-2022-014},
      series       = {DESY-THESIS},
      pages        = {262},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {Dissertation, Universität Hamburg, 2022},
      abstract     = {A plasma can sustain electric fields orders of magnitude
                      larger than those attainable with the conventional
                      radio-frequency (RF) technology typically used in particle
                      accelerators, which are limited to ∼ 100 MV/m due to
                      electrical breakdowns occurring at the metallic boundary of
                      the accelerating structures. In a particle-beam-driven
                      plasma-wakefield accelerator (PWFA), a charge-density wake
                      sustaining field gradients in excess of GV/m is driven by
                      the passage of a relativistic high-intensity particle bunch
                      through a plasma. By harnessing the gradientsof the wake,
                      particles trailing behind the wakefield-driving bunch can be
                      accelerated to GeV energies over meter distances, thus
                      enabling a drastic reduction of the size of
                      acceleratorcomponenents and, consequently, potentially
                      reducing the costs of future accelerator facilities. Despite
                      this promise, however, for PWFA to be a viable technology,
                      the quality of theaccelerated bunches must match that
                      achieved by RF-based state-of-the-art FEL linacs and
                      particle colliders. Even though theoretical predictions
                      suggest that PWFA schemes are capable of producing
                      electric-field profiles with properties sufficient to
                      preserve the longitudinal-phase-space structure of the
                      accelerating beam, direct experimental demonstration has not
                      yet been achieved.In the work presented in this thesis the
                      diagnostic capabilities of a novel X-band transverse
                      deflection structure (TDS)—featuring femtosecond
                      resolution and a variablepolarisation of the streaking
                      field—are exploited to investigate two mechanisms enabling
                      the preservation of the energy spread of electron beams
                      accelerated in a nonlinear plasma wake: optimal beam loading
                      to preserve the correlated energy spread and a fully
                      evacuated ion column to preserve the uncorrelated energy
                      spread. By directly observing the longitudinal phase space
                      of 1-GeV bunches accelerated 44 MeV in a nonlinear plasma
                      wake, experiments performed at the FLASHForward facility
                      (DESY, Hamburg) demonstrate that the longitudinal
                      accelerating gradients are transversely homogeneous to
                      within 0.8 $\%$ (1.5 $\%)$ at an interval of confidence of
                      68 $\%$ (95 $\%)$ and show variable amounts of beam loading
                      depending on the exact shape of the current profile of the
                      driver-trailing-bunch pair. The results presented in this
                      work experimentally demonstrate the predicted suitability of
                      PWFA for future applications requiring the preservation of
                      high longitudinal beam quality. Furthermore, a
                      reconstruction of the beam-plasma interaction in a
                      particle-in-cell code has been accomplished, which
                      illustrates the extreme sensitivity of the PWFA acceleration
                      process to the phase-space distribution of the incoming
                      beams. These achievements suggest that, while PWFA is
                      capable of producing the desired field geometries, an
                      improved control over the production of
                      driver-trailing-bunch pairs will be required to demonstrate
                      stable and quality-preserving acceleration at higher energy
                      gains.},
      cin          = {$HH_FH_FTX_AS$ / MPA2},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)HH_FH_FTX_AS-20210421$ /
                      I:(DE-H253)MPA2-20210408},
      pnm          = {621 - Accelerator Research and Development (POF4-621) /
                      PHGS, VH-GS-500 - PIER Helmholtz Graduate School
                      $(2015_IFV-VH-GS-500)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-621 / $G:(DE-HGF)2015_IFV-VH-GS-500$},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)FLASHForward-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.3204/PUBDB-2022-03578},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/480259},
}