000452445 001__ 452445 000452445 005__ 20250729151014.0 000452445 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.addma.2020.101193 000452445 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2214-7810 000452445 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2214-8604 000452445 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.3204/PUBDB-2020-04680 000452445 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000576649700005 000452445 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:127845858 000452445 0247_ $$2openalex$$aopenalex:W3021579606 000452445 037__ $$aPUBDB-2020-04680 000452445 041__ $$aEnglish 000452445 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDuarte, Valdemar R.$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000452445 245__ $$aHot forging wire and arc additive manufacturing (HF-WAAM) 000452445 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier$$c2020 000452445 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000452445 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000452445 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1606832095_17956 000452445 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000452445 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000452445 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000452445 520__ $$aIn this study, we propose a new variant of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) based on hot forging. During WAAM, the material is locally forged immediately after deposition, and in-situ viscoplastic deformation occurs at high temperatures. In the subsequent layer deposition, recrystallization of the previous solidification structure occurs that refines the microstructure. Because of its similarity with hot forging, this variant was named hot forging wire and arc additive manufacturing (HF-WAAM). A customized WAAM torch was developed, manufactured, and tested in the production of samples of AISI316L stainless steel. Forging forces of 17 N and 55 N were applied to plastically deform the material. The results showed that this new variant refines the solidification microstructure and reduce texture effects, as determined via high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments, without interrupting the additive manufacturing process. Mechanical characterization was performed and improvements on both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were achieved. Furthermore, it was observed that HF-WAAM significantly affects porosity; pores formed during the process were closed by the hot forging process. Because deformation occurs at high temperatures, the forces involved are small, and the WAAM equipment does not have specific requirements with respect to stiffness, thereby allowing the incorporation of this new variant into conventional moving equipment such as multi-axis robots or 3-axis table used in WAAM. 000452445 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G3$$a6G3 - PETRA III (POF3-622)$$cPOF3-622$$fPOF III$$x0 000452445 536__ $$0G:(EU-Grant)730872$$aCALIPSOplus - Convenient Access to Light Sources Open to Innovation, Science and to the World (730872)$$c730872$$fH2020-INFRAIA-2016-1$$x1 000452445 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef 000452445 693__ $$0EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101$$1EXP:(DE-H253)PETRAIII-20150101$$6EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101$$aPETRA III$$fPETRA Beamline P07$$x0 000452445 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1086036$$aRodrigues, Tiago A.$$b1 000452445 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1005745$$aSchell, N.$$b2 000452445 7001_ $$aMiranda, R. M.$$b3 000452445 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1018061$$aOliveira, J. P.$$b4 000452445 7001_ $$aSantos, Telmo G.$$b5 000452445 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2777285-8$$a10.1016/j.addma.2020.101193$$gVol. 35, p. 101193 -$$p101193 $$tAdditive manufacturing$$v35$$x2214-8604$$y2020 000452445 8564_ $$uhttps://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/452445/files/1-s2.0-S2214860420305650-main.pdf$$yOpenAccess 000452445 8564_ $$uhttps://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/452445/files/1-s2.0-S2214860420305650-main.gif?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yOpenAccess 000452445 8564_ $$uhttps://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/452445/files/1-s2.0-S2214860420305650-main.jpg?subformat=icon-1440$$xicon-1440$$yOpenAccess 000452445 8564_ $$uhttps://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/452445/files/1-s2.0-S2214860420305650-main.jpg?subformat=icon-180$$xicon-180$$yOpenAccess 000452445 8564_ $$uhttps://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/452445/files/1-s2.0-S2214860420305650-main.jpg?subformat=icon-640$$xicon-640$$yOpenAccess 000452445 8564_ $$uhttps://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/452445/files/1-s2.0-S2214860420305650-main.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yOpenAccess 000452445 909CO $$ooai:bib-pubdb1.desy.de:452445$$pdnbdelivery$$pec_fundedresources$$pVDB$$pdriver$$popen_access$$popenaire 000452445 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-H253)PIP1086036$$aExternal Institute$$b1$$kExtern 000452445 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)16087541-9$$6P:(DE-H253)PIP1005745$$aHelmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht$$b2$$kHZG 000452445 9101_ $$0I:(DE-HGF)0$$6P:(DE-H253)PIP1018061$$aExternal Institute$$b4$$kExtern 000452445 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-622$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF3-620$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF3-600$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF3$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$9G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G3$$aDE-HGF$$bForschungsbereich Materie$$lVon Materie zu Materialien und Leben$$vFacility topic: Research on Matter with Brilliant Light Sources$$x0 000452445 9141_ $$y2020 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS$$d2020-08-28 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline$$d2020-08-28 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1160$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Engineering, Computing and Technology$$d2020-08-28 000452445 915__ $$0LIC:(DE-HGF)CCBYNCND4$$2HGFVOC$$aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bADDIT MANUF : 2018$$d2020-08-28 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0113$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded$$d2020-08-28 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection$$d2020-08-28 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9905$$2StatID$$aIF >= 5$$bADDIT MANUF : 2018$$d2020-08-28 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0160$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEssential Science Indicators$$d2020-08-28 000452445 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bClarivate Analytics Master Journal List$$d2020-08-28 000452445 9201_ $$0I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731$$kDOOR ; HAS-User$$lDOOR-User$$x0 000452445 9201_ $$0I:(DE-H253)HZG-20120731$$kHZG$$lZentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung$$x1 000452445 980__ $$ajournal 000452445 980__ $$aVDB 000452445 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED 000452445 980__ $$aI:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 000452445 980__ $$aI:(DE-H253)HZG-20120731 000452445 9801_ $$aFullTexts