| Contribution to a book | PUBDB-2014-04544 |
2014
Elsevier
Amsterdam
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53632-7.00609-2
Abstract: Free-electron lasers (FELs) operating in the soft and hard x-ray wavelength range deliver unprecedented peak and average brilliance, opening new scientific opportunities in many disciplines. A striking advance compared to third-generation synchrotron-based light sources is the duration of the photon pulse: a few to some hundred femtoseconds with peak powers in the gigawatt range are delivered routinely today. Probing femtosecond-scale dynamics in atomic and molecular reactions using, for instance, a combination of x-ray and optical pulses are now possible. Single-shot diffraction imaging of biological objects and molecules allows to produce movies of femtosecond-scale reactions. This chapter describes the basic physics of high-gain self-amplified spontaneous emission FELs, discusses technological challenges and solutions, provides an overview on present operating x-ray FELs, and gives examples for medical applications.
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