Contribution to a book

Scintillation screens made of various inorganic materials are widely used for transverse beam profile diagnostics at all kinds of accelerators. The monitor principle is based on the particles¿ energy loss and its conversion to visible light. [...]

We compute the coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{qq}$ defined in terms of the static quark force by simulating the $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ Yang-Mills theory at lattice spacings down to $10^{-2}$~fm, keeping the volume large. In order to systematically improve the approach to the continuum, we subtract the leading cutoff effects in Symanzik's effective theory, resumming theleading $\log(a/r)$-term by renormalization group improvement. [...]

The requirement of electroweak naturalness in simple supersymmetric models motivates the existence of a cluster of four light higgsinos with mass $100 - 300$ GeV, the lighter the better. While such light compressed spectra may be challenging to observe at the LHC, future $e^+e^-$ colliders with $\sqrt{s} > 2$m(higgsino) would serve as both a SUSY discovery machine and a precision microscope. [...]

In recent years, Open Scientific Infrastructures have become an important tool for providing researchers and society with scientific information. Research institutes and universities worldwide actively plan and implement archivesof their scientific output [...]

The positions of the nearly twenty-thousand silicon sensors of the CMS central tracking system must be determined with a precision better than their intrinsic resolution in order to provide an optimal reconstruction of charged particle trajectories. The procedure, referred to as the alignment, includes also the adjustment of the orientations and the determination of the deviation from flatness of the sensor surfaces.Data-driven methods used to carefully align the detector and validate the alignment are presented using CMS Run 2 data, collected from 2016 to 2018. [...]

The recently deployed DeepTau algorithm for the discrimination of taus from light flavor quark or gluon induced jets, electrons, or muons is an ideal example for the exploitation of modern deep learning neural network techniques. With the current algorithm a suppression of misidentification rates by factors of two and more have been achieved for the same identification efficiency for taus compared to the MVA identification algorithms used for the LHC Run-1, leading to significant performance gains for many tau related analyses. [...]

A precise luminosity measurement is critical to determine fundamental parameters of the standardmodel and to constrain or to discover beyond-the-standard-model phenomena at LHC. The lumi-nosity determination at the LHC interaction point 5 with the CMS detector, using proton-protoncollisions at 13 TeV during Run 2 of the LHC (2015–2018), is reported. [...]

The first part of this chapter comprises setups and results of the determination of wavefront and beam parameters for different EUV sources (free-electron lasers, HHG-sources, synchrotron radiation) by self supporting Hartmann-Sensors. We present here i.a. [...]

The chapter will focus on fundamental aspects and methodological challenges of X-ray free electron laser research and recent developments in the related field of ultrafast X-ray science. Selected examples proving “molecular movie capabilities” of Free-electron laser radiation investigating gas phase chemistry, chemistry in liquids and transformations in the solid state will be introduced. [...]

The myxoma virus has become of interest in human medicine in the last two decades as it has the ability to infect many types of human cancer cells and is being used as a platform to develop viro-therapeutic agents that suppress aggressive and damaging immune responses and inflammation. Furthermore, the myxoma virus encodes proteins that have strong immunosuppressive effects, and several of the myxoma virus-encoded immunomodulators are being developed to treat systemic inflammatory syndromes such as cardiovascular disease and transplant rejection. [...]