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@ARTICLE{Perlich:94093,
      author       = {Perlich, J. and Kaune, G. and Memesa, M. and Gutmann, J. S.
                      and Müller-Buschbaum, P. and DESY},
      title        = {{S}ponge-like structures for application in photovoltaics},
      journal      = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London /
                      A},
      volume       = {367},
      number       = {1894},
      issn         = {1471-2962},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {PHPPUBDB-11835},
      pages        = {1783 - 1798},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {(c) The Royal Society; Post referee fulltext in progress;
                      Embargo 12 months from publication},
      abstract     = {Large surface areas at an interface between two different
                      materials are desired in many research fields where the
                      interaction between these materials significantly affects
                      the performance of the physical system. This behaviour is
                      illustrated on sponge-like structures, which assign for such
                      a high surface area, and demonstrate the development from
                      bulk material to thin films and a variety of applications.
                      The focus is on sponge-like nanostructures consisting of a
                      network of aggregated titania nanoparticles applied in
                      hybrid structures for photovoltaics. Examples based on a
                      sol-gel process for the preparation of titania
                      nanostructures in thin films, mimicking the sponge
                      morphology, are shown. In general, titania films are widely
                      used in photovoltaics, contributing to a large surface area
                      available for interfacial reactions, e.g. charge carrier
                      transfer routes. Interpenetrating networks with dimensions
                      matching exciton diffusion lengths in the polymer component
                      of a hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaic structure are
                      highly desirable. To characterize the fabricated morphology,
                      atomic force microscopy and field-emission scanning electron
                      microscopy are employed in real space. The advanced
                      scattering technique of grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray
                      scattering complements the characterization in reciprocal
                      space. From the obtained results, the sponge-like morphology
                      is verified, a physical description of the morphology with
                      statistical relevance is constructed and the successful
                      complete filling of the network is shown. According to this
                      description, the presented sponge-like titania
                      nanostructures are well suited for use in hybrid
                      organic-inorganic solar cells.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Biocompatible Materials / Biomimetics /
                      Electrochemistry: methods / Light / Microscopy, Atomic Force
                      / Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Nanostructures: chemistry
                      / Optics and Photonics / Phase Transition / Photochemistry:
                      methods / Porifera / Scattering, Radiation / Titanium:
                      chemistry / X-Rays / Biocompatible Materials (NLM Chemicals)
                      / Titanium (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {HASYLAB(-2012)},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)HASYLAB_-2012_-20130307$},
      pnm          = {DORIS Beamline BW4 (POF1-550) / FS-Proposal: II-20070024
                      (II-20070024)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-H253)POF1-BW4-20130405 / G:(DE-H253)II-20070024},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)D-BW4-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19376771},
      UT           = {WOS:000264660800008},
      doi          = {10.1098/rsta.2009.0017},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/94093},
}