000083807 001__ 83807 000083807 005__ 20250721125603.0 000083807 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:17687320 000083807 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1476-4687 000083807 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0028-0836 000083807 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/nature06049 000083807 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000248598000040 000083807 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:4089606 000083807 0247_ $$2inspire$$ainspire:760280 000083807 0247_ $$2openalex$$aopenalex:W2076575551 000083807 037__ $$aPHPPUBDB-4134 000083807 041__ $$aeng 000083807 082__ $$a070 000083807 1001_ $$aChapman, H. N. 000083807 1101_ $$aDESY$$bExperiments with synchrotron radiation 000083807 245__ $$aFemtosecond time-delay X-ray holography 000083807 260__ $$aLondon [u.a.]$$bNature Publising Group$$c2007 000083807 300__ $$a676 000083807 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000083807 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000083807 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal 000083807 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000083807 440_0 $$0PERI:(DE-600)1413423-8$$aNature$$v448$$x0028-0836 000083807 500__ $$3Converted on 2013-05-30 12:01 000083807 500__ $$3Converted on 2013-06-21 19:20 000083807 520__ $$aExtremely intense and ultrafast X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers offer unique opportunities to study fundamental aspects of complex transient phenomena in materials. Ultrafast time-resolved methods usually require highly synchronized pulses to initiate a transition and then probe it after a precisely defined time delay. In the X-ray regime, these methods are challenging because they require complex optical systems and diagnostics. Here we propose and apply a simple holographic measurement scheme, inspired by Newton's 'dusty mirror' experiment, to monitor the X-ray-induced explosion of microscopic objects. The sample is placed near an X-ray mirror; after the pulse traverses the sample, triggering the reaction, it is reflected back onto the sample by the mirror to probe this reaction. The delay is encoded in the resulting diffraction pattern to an accuracy of one femtosecond, and the structural change is holographically recorded with high resolution. We apply the technique to monitor the dynamics of polystyrene spheres in intense free-electron-laser pulses, and observe an explosion occurring well after the initial pulse. Our results support the notion that X-ray flash imaging can be used to achieve high resolution, beyond radiation damage limits for biological samples. With upcoming ultrafast X-ray sources we will be able to explore the three-dimensional dynamics of materials at the timescale of atomic motion. 000083807 536__ $$0G:(DE-H253)POF1-FLASH-20130405$$aFacility (machine) FLASH (POF1-FLASH-20130405)$$cPOF1-FLASH-20130405$$fPOF I$$x0 000083807 588__ $$aDataset connected to Pubmed 000083807 650_7 $$00$$2NLM Chemicals$$aPolystyrenes 000083807 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aElectrons 000083807 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHolography: methods 000083807 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLasers 000083807 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMicrospheres 000083807 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPolystyrenes: chemistry 000083807 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aTime Factors 000083807 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aX-Rays 000083807 693__ $$0EXP:(DE-H253)FLASH(machine)-20150101$$1EXP:(DE-H253)FLASH-20150101$$5EXP:(DE-H253)FLASH(machine)-20150101$$aFLASH$$eFacility (machine) FLASH$$x0 000083807 7001_ $$aHau-Riege, S. P. 000083807 7001_ $$aBogan, M. J. 000083807 7001_ $$aBajt, S. 000083807 7001_ $$aBarty, A. 000083807 7001_ $$aBoutet, S. 000083807 7001_ $$aMarchesini, S. 000083807 7001_ $$aFrank, M. 000083807 7001_ $$aWoods, B. W. 000083807 7001_ $$aBenner, W. H. 000083807 7001_ $$aLondon, R. A. 000083807 7001_ $$aRohner, U. 000083807 7001_ $$aSzoke, A. 000083807 7001_ $$aSpiller, E. 000083807 7001_ $$aMöller, T. 000083807 7001_ $$aBostedt, C. 000083807 7001_ $$aShapiro, D. A. 000083807 7001_ $$aKuhlmann, M. 000083807 7001_ $$aTreusch, R. 000083807 7001_ $$aPlönjes, E. 000083807 7001_ $$aBurmeister, F. 000083807 7001_ $$aBergh, M. 000083807 7001_ $$aCaleman, C. 000083807 7001_ $$aHuldt, G. 000083807 7001_ $$aSeibert, M. 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