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@ARTICLE{Li:646749,
      author       = {Li, Mei and Persson, Linus B. and Schwartzkopf, Matthias
                      and Steen, Erik and Terry, Ann and Wohlfart, Björn and
                      Steen, Stig and Arner, Anders},
      title        = {{E}ffects of cooling on pig heart excitation and
                      contraction},
      journal      = {Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine},
      volume       = {13},
      issn         = {2297-055X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2026-00948},
      pages        = {1753083},
      year         = {2026},
      abstract     = {Although variations in temperature have a profound impact
                      on cardiac function, little is known regarding the
                      excitation and contractile parameters over a broad
                      temperature interval. In view of the clinical applications
                      of lowered temperature in resuscitation and in cardiac
                      preservation/evaluation for transplantation, we have
                      examined the contractile function using Langendorff perfused
                      hearts and isolated trabecular muscle from pig, in
                      combination with electrophysiology and X-ray diffraction.
                      Lowered temperature in the range 37 to 22oC was associated
                      with an increase in systolic pressure and active force. In
                      permeabilized preparations, force and Ca2+ sensitivity
                      decreased with temperature, showing that the increased force
                      down to 22oC in the intact heart and trabeculae was not due
                      to changes in thin filament regulation, but most likely to
                      increased activator [Ca2+]. At lower temperature (<22oC),
                      force in the heart decreased, suggesting that the
                      temperature effects in the regulatory system became
                      dominating. ECG analysis showed that frequency was lowered
                      and that PQ-, QS- and QT- times were prolonged at lower
                      temperature. This was associated with a gradual
                      depolarization of the cell membrane, prolonged action
                      potential and an attenuation of the fast upstroke phase.
                      These changes in rise time and amplitude of the action
                      potential would predispose for uneven propagation and
                      arrhythmia as temperature is lowered. At the same time, the
                      prolonged action potential can be associated with an
                      increased [Ca2+] at lower temperature. Small angle X-ray
                      diffraction showed that the filament lattice of intact
                      trabecular muscle tended to swell at low temperature (10 vs
                      22oC) and revealed a mass transfer from myosin to actin
                      filaments, which would reflect changes in cellular
                      physiology and contractile system structure at low
                      temperature},
      cin          = {FS DOOR-User / FS-PET-D},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)FS_DOOR-User-20241023$ /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-PET-D-20190712},
      pnm          = {633 - Life Sciences – Building Blocks of Life: Structure
                      and Function (POF4-633) / 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3)
                      / SWEDEN-DESY - SWEDEN-DESY Collaboration
                      $(2020_Join2-SWEDEN-DESY)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-633 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 /
                      $G:(DE-HGF)2020_Join2-SWEDEN-DESY$},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P03-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.3389/fcvm.2026.1753083},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/646749},
}