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000646480 0247_ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2505.20450
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000646480 088__ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2505.20450
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000646480 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRoy, Sandip$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000646480 245__ $$aSearching for Axion Dark Matter Near Relaxing Magnetars
000646480 260__ $$c2026
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000646480 500__ $$a38 pages, 13 figures
000646480 520__ $$aAxion dark matter passing through the magnetospheres of magnetars can undergo hyper-efficient resonant mixing with low-energy photons, leading to the production of narrow spectral lines that could be detectable on Earth. Since this is a resonant process triggered by the spatial variation in the photon dispersion relation, the luminosity and spectral properties of the emission are highly sensitive to the charge and current densities permeating the magnetosphere. To date, a majority of the studies investigating this phenomenon have assumed a perfectly dipolar magnetic field structure with a near-field plasma distribution fixed to the minimal charge-separated force-free configuration. While this {may} be a reasonable treatment for the closed field lines of conventional radio pulsars, the strong magnetic fields around magnetars are believed to host processes that drive strong deviations from this minimal configuration. In this work, we study how realistic magnetar magnetospheres impact the electromagnetic emission produced from axion dark matter. Specifically, we construct charge and current distributions that are consistent with magnetar observations, and use these to recompute the prospective sensitivity of radio and sub-mm telescopes to axion dark matter. We demonstrate that the two leading models yield vastly different predictions for the frequency and amplitude of the spectral line, indicating systematic uncertainties in the plasma structure are significant. Finally, we discuss various observational signatures that can be used to differentiate the local plasma loading mechanism of an individual magnetar, which will be necessary if there is hope of using such objects to search for axions.
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000646480 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPrabhu, Anirudh$$b1$$eCorresponding author
000646480 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1101441$$aThompson, Christopher$$b2$$eCorresponding author
000646480 7001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1113320$$aWitte, Samuel J.$$b3
000646480 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBlanco, Carlos$$b4
000646480 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZhang, Jonathan$$b5
000646480 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2844732-3$$gVol. 113, no. 4, p. 043001$$x2470-0029$$y2026
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