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@PHDTHESIS{Azzolin:646122,
author = {Azzolin, Agata},
othercontributors = {Calegari, Francesca and Drescher, Markus},
title = {{A}dvances in {H}igh-{O}rder {H}armonic {S}ources and
{A}pplications to {F}ree-{E}lectron {L}aser {P}ulse
{C}haracterization},
school = {University of Hamburg},
type = {Dissertation},
reportid = {PUBDB-2026-00724},
pages = {162},
year = {2026},
note = {Dissertation, University of Hamburg, 2026},
abstract = {Attosecond and few-femtosecond light pulses provide the
time resolution required to track and control the very first
instants of electron dynamics in molecules and condensed
matter. Since its first demonstration, High-order Harmonic
Generation (HHG) sources have been at the core of
experimental schemes aiming at unravelling ultrafast
electron motion. This thesis reports advancements in
high-order harmonic sources and their applications to both
solid-state spectroscopy and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) pulse
characterization. First, it demonstrates and rationalizes
efficient soft X-ray HHG in the so-called overdriven regime
enabled by a custom-designed differentially pumped glass
chip. This development directly addresses some of the
technical challenges of conventional high-photon-energy HHG
sources, providing a more accessible approach. Second, this
work presents results on solidstate High-order Harmonic
Generation (sHHG) spectroscopy in crystalline, amorphous,
and semi-periodic TiO2 samples. The experiment showcases the
potential of HHG not only as a source, but also as a
spectroscopic probe of the valence electrons governing
materials functional properties. Finally, this thesis
reports the experimental validation of Double-Blind
Holography (DBH) of ultrashort FEL pulses. This is a fully
optical platform for single-shot temporal haracterization,
phase retrieval, and few-femtosecond resolution delay
tagging that is based on the interference with an unknown
external field, in this case a standard HHG source.
Together, these developments extend the capabilities of
high-order harmonic sources, opening new scenarios for
investigating and controlling ultrafast electron dynamics in
atoms, molecules and condensed matter, both with table-top
schemes and at FELs.},
cin = {FS-ATTO},
cid = {I:(DE-H253)FS-ATTO-20170403},
pnm = {631 - Matter – Dynamics, Mechanisms and Control
(POF4-631) / 6G2 - FLASH (DESY) (POF4-6G2)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-631 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G2},
experiment = {EXP:(DE-H253)CFEL-Exp-20150101 /
EXP:(DE-H253)F-FL26-20150901},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
urn = {urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-ediss-135077},
doi = {10.3204/PUBDB-2026-00724},
url = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/646122},
}