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@ARTICLE{Maneesha:645018,
      author       = {Maneesha, M. and Preethi, P. C. and Harisankar, A. and
                      Sreeja, T. G. and Ratheesh Kumar, V. K. and Thekku Veedu,
                      Sreevidya and Raghunandan, Resmi},
      title        = {{E}ngineering {ZIF}-67 with heteroatom-doped carbon dots
                      for ultra-sensitive and selective detection of serum albumin
                      in artificial body fluids},
      journal      = {Microchemical journal},
      volume       = {210},
      issn         = {0026-265X},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Academic Press},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2026-00541},
      pages        = {113046 -},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The development of highly sensitive and selective
                      biosensors is crucial for early disease, health monitoring,
                      and treatment. In this study, Zeolitic Imidazolate
                      Framework-67 (ZIF-67) functionalized with nitrogen-doped
                      carbon dots (N-CQDs) is designed for the ultra-sensitive and
                      selective detection of serum albumin in artificial body
                      fluids. The N-CQD@ZIF-67 (NCZ-67) composite material was
                      synthesized through a facile and environmental friendly
                      process, leveraging the unique photoluminescent properties
                      of nitrogen-doped carbon dots and the robust structural
                      framework of ZIF-67. The synthesized composite is
                      characterized using FTIR, PXRD, UV–visible spectroscopy,
                      photoluminescence spectroscopy, Raman, EDS, XPS, and HRTEM
                      techniques. It serves as a highly efficient ‘turn-on’
                      sensor for detecting bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a limit
                      of detection (LOD) of 0.2129 µM. The sensing mechanism
                      operates via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). The
                      fluorescent lifetime decay analysis of fluorophore (NCZ-67)
                      revealed lifetimes of 2.77 μs and 2.11 μs with and without
                      the analyte BSA, respectively, confirming the FRET
                      mechanism. The high overlap integral value, 2.61 × 1010
                      indicates a significantly enhanced FRET efficiency. The
                      Benesi-Hildebrand equation demonstrates a 1:1 interaction
                      between the analyte BSA and the NCZ-67 sensor. Additionally,
                      NCZ-67 shows excellence in detecting albumin in artificial
                      body fluid samples, confirming the sensor’s
                      ultra-sensitivity, robustness, selectivity and extending its
                      applicability in clinical biochemical analysis. The recovery
                      percentage of BSA in artificial body fluids is around
                      92–97 $\%$ further validating its potential for clinical
                      use. The study underscores the potential of N-CQD@ZIF-67 in
                      developing next-generation biosensors, particularly for the
                      early detection and monitoring of liver and kidney-related
                      disorders.},
      cin          = {FS-SCS},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-SCS-20131031},
      pnm          = {633 - Life Sciences – Building Blocks of Life: Structure
                      and Function (POF4-633)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-633},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)External-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.microc.2025.113046},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/645018},
}