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@ARTICLE{Fiorillo:643143,
      author       = {Fiorillo, Damiano Francesco Giuseppe and Lella, Alessandro
                      and O'Hare, Ciaran A. J. and Vitagliano, Edoardo},
      title        = {{L}eading {B}ounds on {M}icrometer to {P}icometer {F}ifth
                      {F}orces from {N}eutron {S}tar {C}ooling},
      journal      = {Physical review letters},
      volume       = {135},
      number       = {21},
      issn         = {0031-9007},
      address      = {College Park, Md.},
      publisher    = {APS},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2026-00041, arXiv:2506.19906. BARI-TH/776-25},
      pages        = {211003},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {cc-by, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135 (2025) 21, 211003. Matching
                      version published on PRL; 5 pages, 1 figure; Supplemental
                      Material: 11 pages, 5 figures},
      abstract     = {The equivalence principle and the inverse-square law of
                      gravity could be violated at short distances
                      (10$^{-6}$–10$^{-12}$ m) by scalars sporting a coupling gN
                      to nucleons and mass eV ≲ m$_ϕ$ ≲ MeV. We show for the
                      first time that stringent bounds on the existence of these
                      scalars can be derived from the observed cooling of nearby
                      isolated neutron stars (NSs). Although NSs can only be used
                      to set limits comparable to the classic supernova (SN) 1987A
                      cooling bound in the case of pseudoscalars such as the QCD
                      axion, the shallow temperature dependence of the scalar
                      emissivity results in a huge enhancement in the effect of
                      $ϕ$ on the cooling of cold NSs. As we do not find evidence
                      of exotic energy losses, we can exclude couplings down to
                      g$_N$ ≲ 5 × 10$^{-14}$. Our new bound supersedes all
                      existing limits on scalars across 6 orders of magnitude in
                      m$ϕ$. These conclusions also extend to Higgs-portal models,
                      for which the bound on the scalar-Higgs mixing angle is
                      sinθ ≲ 6 × 10$^{-11}$.},
      cin          = {$Z_THAT$},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_THAT-20210408$},
      pnm          = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2506.19906},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2506.19906},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2506.19906;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.1103/tlqz-713s},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/643143},
}