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@ARTICLE{Agarwal:642729,
      author       = {Agarwal, S. and Aguilar, J. A. and Alden, N. and Ali, S.
                      and Allison, P. and Betts, M. and Besson, D. and Bishop, A.
                      and Botner, O. and Bouma, S. and Buitink, S. and Camphyn, R.
                      and Chiche, S. and Clark, B. A. and Coleman, A. and
                      Couberly, K. and de Kockere, S. and de Vries, K. D. and
                      Deaconu, C. and Giri, P. and Glaser, C. and Glusenkamp, T.
                      and Hallgren, A. and Hallmann, S. and Hanson, J. C. and
                      Hendricks, B. and Henrichs-Schuhegger, Jakob and Heyer, N.
                      and Hornhuber, C. and Huesca Santiago, Enrique and Hughes,
                      K. and Karg, Timo and Karle, A. and Kelley, J. L. and
                      Korntheuer, M. and Kowalski, Marek and Kravchenko, I. and
                      Krebs, R. and Lahmann, R. and Liu, C. H. and Marsee, M. J.
                      and McLennan, C. and Mikhailova, M. and Mulrey, K. and
                      Muzio, M. and Nelles, A. and Novikov, A. and Nozdrina, A.
                      and Oberla, E. and Oeyen, B. and Punsuebsay, N. and Pyras,
                      L. and Ravn, M. and Ryckbosch, D. and Schluter, F. and
                      Scholten, O. and Seckel, D. and Seikh, M. F. H. and
                      Stachurska, J. and Stoffels, J. and Toscano, S. and Tosi, D.
                      and Tutt, J. and Van Den Broeck, D. J. and van Eijndhoven,
                      N. and Vieregg, A. G. and Vijai, A. and Welling, C. and
                      Williams, D. R. and Windischhofer, P. and Wissel, S. and
                      Young, R. and Zink, A.},
      title        = {{P}robing the {F}irn {R}efractive {I}ndex {P}rofile and
                      {B}orehole {C}losure {U}sing {A}ntenna {R}esponse},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-05578, arXiv:2504.03862},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {We present a methodology for extracting firn ice properties
                      using S-parameter reflection coefficients (`$S_{11}$') of
                      antennas lowered into boreholes. Coupled with
                      Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations and
                      calculations, a depth-dependent $S_{11}$ profile can be
                      translated into a refractive index profile. Since the
                      response of an antenna deployed into a dry borehole depends
                      on the diameter of the hole, multi-year $S_{11}$
                      measurements also permit an estimate of borehole closure
                      complementary to estimates based on calipers or other
                      dedicated mechanical loggers. We present first results,
                      based on data taken in August, 2024 from boreholes at Summit
                      Station, Greenland. We estimate borehole closure resolution
                      of $\mathbf{\sim 2}$mm and also derive an index of
                      refraction profile consistent with previous measurements.},
      cin          = {$Z_NA$},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_NA-20210408$},
      pnm          = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)RNO-G-20230101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      eprint       = {2504.03862},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2504.03862},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2504.03862;\%\%$},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/642729},
}