% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Sadeghi:642011,
      author       = {Sadeghi, Ebrahim and Karlsen, Martin Aaskov and Karimi,
                      Vahid and Maynau, Celine and Morgen, Per and Sharma,
                      Raghunandan and Lajaunie, Luc and Andersen, Shuang Ma},
      title        = {{S}haping low-iridium {I}r{R}u{O}$_x$ electrocatalysts with
                      structural and electronic modulation for proton exchange
                      membrane electrolyzers},
      journal      = {Journal of materials chemistry / A},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {46},
      issn         = {2050-7488},
      address      = {London, United Kingdom},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-05277},
      pages        = {39841 - 39858},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Reducing iridium (Ir) loading without compromising the
                      stability of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity is
                      essential for the sustainable deployment of proton exchange
                      membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. One promising approach is the
                      development of Ir-based mixed oxides, such as Ir–Ru
                      systems, which harness synergistic effects to enhance
                      activity and durability beyond that of IrO$_x$ benchmarks.
                      Here, we report a unique high-performance IrRuO$_x$ catalyst
                      synthesized via a straightforward solid-state molten-salt
                      method. Structural characterization employing both
                      synchrotron and in-house XRD revealed lattice contraction in
                      IrRuO$_x$ relative to IrO$_x$/i></sub>, which hinted a
                      solid-solution formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
                      confirmed higher oxidation states of Ru in
                      Ir$_{0.25}$Ru$_{0.75}$O$_x$ compared to RuO$_x$, which is
                      correlated with its enhanced electrochemical performance.
                      Electron microscopy studies showed the formation of 2D
                      nanosheets rich in grain boundaries (GBs), which facilitate
                      charge transport and stabilize active sites. Pair
                      distribution function (PDF) analysis revealed the
                      coexistence of rutile and hollandite phases, with hollandite
                      content decreasing at higher synthesis temperatures and with
                      increasing Ru content. As an anode in a proton exchange
                      membrane electrolyzer, Ir$_{0.25}$Ru$_{0.75}$O$_x$
                      demonstrated superior performance and delivered 1 A
                      cm$^{−2}$ at 1.69 V with only ∼0.3 mg$_{Ir}$
                      cm$^{−2}$—outperforming commercial IrO$_2$ (1.75 V) and
                      IrRuO$_x$(1.77 V) under similar conditions.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / FS-PETRA-D},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-PETRA-D-20210408},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P02.1-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1039/D5TA07594G},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/642011},
}