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@ARTICLE{Shi:641500,
author = {Shi, Xin-Yue and Pohl, Martin and Schulreich, Michael M.},
title = {{A}cceleration and {T}ransport of the {U}nstable
{C}osmic-{R}ay {I}sotope $^{60}${F}e in {S}upernova-enriched
{E}nvironments},
reportid = {PUBDB-2025-05077, arXiv:2506.23564},
year = {2025},
note = {16 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ,
comments are welcome},
abstract = {The unstable isotope $^{60}$Fe, with a half-life of 2.6
million years, is produced primarily in supernova
explosions. The observed presence of $^{60}$Fe in cosmic
rays and its detection in deep-sea crusts and sediments
suggest two possible scenarios: either the direct
acceleration of $^{60}$Fe from supernova ejecta or its
enrichment in the circumstellar material surrounding
supernova progenitors, which indicates cosmic ray production
in clusters of supernovae. Focusing on the latter scenario,
we consider an environment shaped by successive supernova
explosions, reminiscent of the Local Bubble around the time
of the most recent supernova explosion. We independently
tracked the evolution of the $^{60}$Fe mass ratio within the
Local Bubble using passive scalars. To investigate the
spectra of protons and $^{60}$Fe, we explicitly modeled
cosmic-ray acceleration and transport at the remnant of the
last supernova by simultaneously solving the hydrodynamical
equations for the supernova outflow and the transport
equations for cosmic rays, scattering turbulence, and
large-scale magnetic field, using the time-dependent
acceleration code Radiation Acceleration Transport Parallel
Code. The main uncertainty in our prediction of the local
$^{60}$Fe flux at about pc = 1 GeV nuc$^{−1}$ is the
magnetic-field structure in the Local Bubble and the
cosmic-ray diffusion beyond the approximately 100 kyr of
evolution covered by our study. We found that if the
standard galactic propagation applies, the local $^{60}$Fe
flux would be around 3\% of that measured. If there is a
sustained reduction in the diffusion coefficient at and near
the Local Bubble, then the expected $^{60}$Fe flux could be
up to 30\% of that measured.},
cin = {$Z_THAT$},
ddc = {520},
cid = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_THAT-20210408$},
pnm = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
experiment = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
eprint = {2506.23564},
howpublished = {arXiv:2506.23564},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2506.23564;\%\%$},
doi = {10.3204/PUBDB-2025-05077},
url = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/641500},
}