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000639242 0247_ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2409.19516
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000639242 1001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1114068$$aXue, Xiaorui$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000639242 245__ $$aNon-Gaussian statistics of nanohertz stochastic gravitational waves
000639242 260__ $$aRidge, NY$$bAmerican Physical Society$$c2025
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000639242 500__ $$a14 pages including references, 8 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. D
000639242 520__ $$aMultiple pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have recently reported evidence for nHz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), stimulating intensive discussions about its physical origin. In principle, the sources may be either supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) or processes in the early Universe. One key difference between the two lies in the statistics of the SGWB frequency power spectrum. In particular, the often assumed Gaussian random SGWB does not accurately describe the distribution of the collective SMBHB emission. This work presents a semianalytical framework for calculating the non-Gaussian statistics of SGWB power expected from SMBHBs. We find that (a) wave interference between individual SMBHBs with indistinguishable observed frequencies and (b) the Poisson fluctuation of the source numbers, together shape the non-Gaussian statistics. Implementing the non-Gaussian statistics developed in this work, we investigate the sensitivity of current and future PTA datasets in distinguishing the origin of the SGWB through non-Gaussian information. Additionally, we find an interesting approximation of the non-Gaussian statistics, which has implications for accurately and practically treating non-Gaussianity in PTA Bayesian analyses.
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000639242 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$agravitational radiation, stochastic
000639242 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$ablack hole, binary
000639242 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$agravitational radiation, background
000639242 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$astatistics
000639242 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$anon-Gaussianity
000639242 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$apower spectrum
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000639242 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$ainterference
000639242 650_7 $$2INSPIRE$$aPoisson
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000639242 7001_ $$00000-0001-9608-009X$$aPan, Zhen$$b1
000639242 7001_ $$00000-0003-2091-8946$$aDai, Liang$$b2
000639242 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2844732-3$$a10.1103/PhysRevD.111.043022$$gVol. 111, no. 4, p. 043022$$n4$$p043022$$tPhysical review / D$$v111$$x2470-0010$$y2025
000639242 7870_ $$0PUBDB-2024-05893$$aXue, Xiao et.al.$$d2024$$iIsParent$$rDESY-24-137 ; arXiv:2409.19516$$tNon-Gaussian Statistics of Nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational Waves
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