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@ARTICLE{Abbasi:638832,
author = {Abbasi, R. and Ackermann, Markus and Adams, J. and
Agarwalla, S. K. and Aguilar, J. A. and Ahlers, M. and
Alameddine, J. M. and Amin, N. M. and Andeen, K. and
Argüelles, C. and Ashida, Y. and Athanasiadou, Sofia and
Axani, S. N. and Babu, R. and Bai, X. and Balagopal, V. A.
and Baricevic, M. and Barwick, S. W. and Bash, S. and Basu,
V. and Bay, R. and Beatty, J. J. and Becker Tjus, J. and
Beise, J. and Bellenghi, C. and BenZvi, S. and Berley, D.
and Bernardini, E. and Besson, D. Z. and Blaufuss, E. and
Bloom, L. and Blot, Summer and Bontempo, F. and Book
Motzkin, J. Y. and Boscolo Meneguolo, C. and Böser, S. and
Botner, O. and Böttcher, J. and Braun, J. and Brinson, B.
and Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z. and Brostean-Kaiser, J. and
Brusa, L. and Burley, R. T. and Butterfield, D. and Campana,
M. A. and Caracas, I. and Carloni, K. and Carpio, J. and
Chattopadhyay, S. and Chau, N. and Chen, Z. and Chirkin, D.
and Choi, S. and Clark, B. A. and Coleman, A. and Coleman,
P. and Collin, G. H. and Connolly, A. and Conrad, J. M. and
Corley, R. and Cowen, D. F. and De Clercq, C. and DeLaunay,
J. J. and Delgado, D. and Deng, S. and Desai, A. and
Desiati, P. and de Vries, K. D. and de Wasseige, G. and
DeYoung, T. and Diaz, A. and Díaz-Vélez, J. C. and
Dierichs, P. and Dittmer, M. and Domi, A. and Draper, L. and
Dujmovic, H. and Durnford, D. and Dutta, K. and DuVernois,
M. A. and Ehrhardt, T. and Eidenschink, L. and Eimer, A. and
Eller, P. and Ellinger, E. and El Mentawi, S. and Elsässer,
D. and Engel, R. and Erpenbeck, H. and Esmail, W. and Evans,
J. and Evenson, P. A. and Fan, K. L. and Fang, K. and
Farrag, K. and Fazely, A. R. and Fedynitch, A. and Feigl, N.
and Fiedlschuster, S. and Finley, C. and Fischer, Lars and
Fox, D. and Franckowiak, A. and Fukami, Satoshi and Fürst,
P. and Gallagher, J. and Ganster, E. and Garcia, A. and
Garcia, M. and Garg, G. and Genton, E. and Gerhardt, L. and
Ghadimi, A. and Girard-Carillo, C. and Glaser, C. and
Glüsenkamp, T. and Gonzalez, J. G. and Goswami, S. and
Granados, A. and Grant, D. and Gray, S. J. and Griffin, S.
and Griswold, S. and Groth, K. M. and Guevel, D. and
Günther, C. and Gutjahr, P. and Ha, C. and Haack, C. and
Hallgren, A. and Halve, L. and Halzen, F. and Hamacher, L.
and Hamdaoui, H. and Ha Minh, M. and Handt, M. and Hanson,
K. and Hardin, J. and Harnisch, A. A. and Hatch, P. and
Haungs, A. and Häußler, J. and Helbing, K. and Hellrung,
J. and Hermannsgabner, J. and Heuermann, L. and Heyer, N.
and Hickford, S. and Hidvegi, A. and Hill, C. and Hill, G.
C. and Hmaid, R. and Hoffman, K. D. and Hori, S. and
Hoshina, K. and Hostert, M. and Hou, W. and Huber, T. and
Hultqvist, K. and Hünnefeld, M. and Hussain, R. and Hymon,
K. and Ishihara, A. and Iwakiri, W. and Jacquart, M. and
Jain, S. and Janik, O. and Jansson, M. and Jeong, M. and
Jin, M. and Jones, B. J. P. and Kamp, N. and Kang, D. and
Kang, W. and Kang, X. and Kappes, A. and Kappesser, D. and
Kardum, L. and Karg, T. and Karl, M. and Karle, A. and
Katil, A. and Katz, U. and Kauer, M. and Kelley, J. L. and
Khanal, M. and Khatee Zathul, A. and Kheirandish, A. and
Kiryluk, J. and Klein, S. R. and Kobayashi, Y. and Kochocki,
A. and Koirala, R. and Kolanoski, H. and Kontrimas, T. and
Köpke, L. and Kopper, C. and Koskinen, D. J. and Koundal,
P. and Kowalski, M. and Kozynets, T. and Krieger, N. and
Krishnamoorthi, J. and Krishnan, T. and Kruiswijk, K. and
Krupczak, E. and Kumar, A. and Kun, E. and Kurahashi, N. and
Lad, N. and Lagunas Gualda, C. and Lamoureux, M. and Larson,
M. J. and Lauber, F. and Lazar, J. P. and Leonard DeHolton,
K. and Leszczyńska, A. and Liao, J. and Lincetto, M. and
Liu, Y. T. and Liubarska, M. and Love, C. and Lu, L. and
Lucarelli, F. and Luszczak, W. and Lyu, Y. and Madsen, J.
and Magnus, E. and Mahn, K. B. M. and Makino, Y. and Manao,
E. and Mancina, S. and Mand, A. and Marie Sainte, W. and
Mariş, I. C. and Marka, S. and Marka, Z. and Marsee, M. and
Martinez-Soler, I. and Maruyama, R. and Mayhew, F. and
McNally, F. and Mead, J. V. and Meagher, K. and Mechbal, S.
and Medina, A. and Meier, M. and Merckx, Y. and Merten, L.
and Mitchell, J. and Montaruli, T. and Moore, R. W. and
Morii, Y. and Morse, R. and Moulai, M. and Mukherjee, T. and
Naab, R. and Nakos, M. and Naumann, U. and Necker, J. and
Negi, A. and Neste, L. and Neumann, M. and Niederhausen, H.
and Nisa, M. U. and Noda, K. and Noell, A. and Novikov, A.
and Obertacke Pollmann, A. and O'Dell, V. and Olivas, A. and
Orsoe, R. and Osborn, J. and O'Sullivan, E. and Palusova, V.
and Pandya, H. and Park, N. and Parker, G. K. and Parrish,
V. and Paudel, E. N. and Paul, L. and Pérez de los Heros,
C. and Pernice, T. and Peterson, J. and Pizzuto, A. and
Plum, M. and Pontén, A. and Popovych, Y. and Prado
Rodriguez, M. and Pries, B. and Procter-Murphy, R. and
Przybylski, G. T. and Pyras, L. and Raab, C. and
Rack-Helleis, J. and Rad, N. and Ravn, M. and Rawlins, K.
and Rechav, Z. and Rehman, A. and Resconi, E. and Reusch, S.
and Rhode, W. and Riedel, B. and Rifaie, A. and Roberts, E.
J. and Robertson, S. and Rodan, S. and Rongen, M. and
Rosted, A. and Rott, C. and Ruhe, T. and Ruohan, L. and
Ryckbosch, D. and Safa, I. and Saffer, J. and
Salazar-Gallegos, D. and Sampathkumar, P. and Sandrock, A.
and Santander, M. and Sarkar, S. and Sarkar, S. and
Savelberg, J. and Savina, P. and Schaile, P. and Schaufel,
M. and Schieler, H. and Schindler, S. and Schlickmann, L.
and Schlüter, B. and Schlüter, F. and Schmeisser, N. and
Schmidt, T. and Schneider, J. and Schröder, F. G. and
Schumacher, L. and Schwirn, S. and Sclafani, S. and Seckel,
D. and Seen, L. and Seikh, M. and Seo, M. and Seunarine, S.
and Sevle Myhr, P. and Shah, R. and Shefali, S. and Shimizu,
N. and Silva, M. and Skrzypek, B. and Smithers, B. and
Snihur, R. and Soedingrekso, J. and Søgaard, A. and Soldin,
D. and Soldin, P. and Sommani, G. and Spannfellner, C. and
Spiczak, G. M. and Spiering, C. and Stachurska, J. and
Stamatikos, M. and Stanev, T. and Stezelberger, T. and
Stürwald, T. and Stuttard, T. and Sullivan, G. W. and
Taboada, I. and Ter-Antonyan, S. and Terliuk, A. and
Thiesmeyer, M. and Thompson, W. G. and Thwaites, J. and
Tilav, S. and Tollefson, K. and Tönnis, C. and Toscano, S.
and Tosi, D. and Trettin, A. and Unland Elorrieta, M. A. and
Upadhyay, A. K. and Upshaw, K. and Vaidyanathan, A. and
Valtonen-Mattila, N. and Vandenbroucke, J. and van
Eijndhoven, N. and Vannerom, D. and van Santen, J. and Vara,
J. and Varsi, F. and Veitch-Michaelis, J. and Venugopal, M.
and Vereecken, M. and Vergara Carrasco, S. and Verpoest, S.
and Veske, D. and Vijai, A. and Walck, C. and Wang, A. and
Weaver, C. and Weigel, P. and Weindl, A. and Weldert, J. and
Wen, A. Y. and Wendt, C. and Werthebach, J. and Weyrauch, M.
and Whitehorn, N. and Wiebusch, C. H. and Williams, D. R.
and Witthaus, L. and Wolf, M. and Wrede, G. and Xu, X. W.
and Yanez, J. P. and Yildizci, E. and Yoshida, S. and Young,
R. and Yu, F. and Yu, S. and Yuan, T. and Zegarelli, A. and
Zhang, S. and Zhang, Z. and Zhelnin, P. and Zilberman, P.
and Zimmerman, M.},
collaboration = {{IceCube Collaboration}},
title = {{S}earch for {E}xtremely-{H}igh-{E}nergy {N}eutrinos and
{F}irst {C}onstraints on the {U}ltrahigh-{E}nergy
{C}osmic-{R}ay {P}roton {F}raction with {I}ce{C}ube},
journal = {Physical review letters},
volume = {135},
number = {3},
issn = {0031-9007},
address = {College Park, Md.},
publisher = {APS},
reportid = {PUBDB-2025-04229, arXiv:2502.01963. arXiv:2502.01963},
pages = {12},
year = {2025},
abstract = {We present a search for the diffuse extremely-high-energy
neutrino flux using 12.6 years of IceCube data. The
nonobservation of neutrinos with energies well above 10 PeV
constrains the all-flavor neutrino flux at 1018 eV to a
level of $E^2Φ_{ν_{e}}$+$ν_μ$$+ν_τ≃$10$^{−8}$ GeV
cm$^{-2}$ s-1 sr$^{-1}$, the most stringent limit to date.
Using these data, we constrain the proton fraction of
ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above ≃30 EeV to be
≲70\% (at 90\% CL) if the cosmological evolution of the
sources is comparable to or stronger than the star formation
rate. This is the first result to disfavor the
“proton-only” hypothesis for UHECR in this evolution
regime using neutrino data. This result complements direct
air-shower measurements by being insensitive to
uncertainties associated with hadronic interaction models.
We also evaluate the tension between IceCube’s
nonobservation and the ∼200 PeV KM3NeT neutrino candidate
(KM3-230213A), finding it to be ∼2.9σ based on a
joint-livetime fit between neutrino datasets.},
cin = {$Z_ICE$},
ddc = {530},
cid = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_ICE-20210408$},
pnm = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
experiment = {EXP:(DE-H253)IceCube-20150101},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
eprint = {2502.01963},
howpublished = {arXiv:2502.01963},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2502.01963;\%\%$},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.135.031001},
url = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/638832},
}
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