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@ARTICLE{KOC:638431,
      author       = {KOC, Oemer and Thomas, Rhys and Jenkins, B. and Hofer, C.
                      and Hegedues, Zoltan and Lienert, Ulrich and Harrison, R. W.
                      and Preuss, Michael and Ungar, Tamas and Frankel, Philipp},
      title        = {{T}he effect of proton irradiation dose rate on the
                      evolution of microstructure in {Z}r alloys: {A} synchrotron
                      microbeam {X}-ray, {TEM}, and {APT} study},
      journal      = {Journal of nuclear materials},
      volume       = {608},
      issn         = {0022-3115},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-04059},
      pages        = {155721 -},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Open access},
      abstract     = {Protons are increasingly used as a surrogate for neutrons
                      to study radiation damage of engineering alloys used in the
                      core of a nuclear reactor, enabling high fluences in
                      comparatively short times. However, the accelerated damage
                      rate of protons is usually compensated by an increased
                      irradiation temperature to assist diffusion. To better
                      understand dose rate effects on microstructure evolution
                      during radiation damage, recrystallized Low-Sn ZIRLO and
                      Zircaloy-2 were proton-irradiated to 0.15 dpa at 320 °C
                      using nominal dose rates of 1.3, 2.5, and 5.2 × 10−5
                      dpa/s. Depth profiling using microbeam synchrotron XRD was
                      conducted across the 30 µm deep irradiated regions for line
                      profile analysis, enabling dislocation line density
                      determination. We found no significant difference in
                      dislocation density among the different dose rates for
                      Zircaloy-2 while Low-Sn ZIRLO displayed dose rate sensitive
                      microstructural evolution. However, Low-Sn ZIRLO exhibited a
                      significantly lower overall dislocation density compared to
                      Zircaloy-2 samples at all dose rates. (S)TEM analysis of the
                      samples showed clear 〈a〉 loop alignment in Zircaloy-2,
                      while this was less pronounced in Low-Sn ZIRLO. APT analysis
                      conducted on Low-Sn ZIRLO specimens showed the early onset
                      of irradiation induced nanoclusters of Nb, where the
                      clusters were observed to be comparatively smaller in the
                      sample exposed to high dose rate irradiation. Overall, the
                      integration of different techniques has provided a more
                      comprehensive understanding of the early-stage damage
                      evolution under differing damage accumulation rates.},
      cin          = {FS-PETRA-D / DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-PETRA-D-20210408 /
                      I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P21.2-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2025.155721},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/638431},
}