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@PHDTHESIS{Gautam:637693,
      author       = {Gautam, Kunal},
      othercontributors = {Blekman, Freya},
      title        = {{P}recision {M}easurement of {S}trange {Q}uark {A}symmetry
                      and {M}onolithic {P}ixel {S}ensors for {V}ertexing at the
                      {FCC}-ee},
      school       = {University of Brussels and University of Zurich},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Hamburg},
      publisher    = {Verlag Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-03896, DESY-THESIS-2025-017},
      series       = {DESY-THESIS},
      pages        = {199},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Dissertation, University of Brussels and University of
                      Zurich, 2025},
      abstract     = {Future e+e− colliders, such as the FCC-ee, aim to test
                      the Standard Model to the ultimateprecision. This requires
                      synergistic progress in detector technology and data
                      analysis techniques.This thesis comprehensively presents the
                      interlinked efforts targeting these goals.Jet flavour
                      identification algorithms play a crucial role in maximally
                      exploiting the physicspotential of the FCC-ee, particularly
                      in the Higgs and electroweak sectors. The
                      DeepJet-Transformer algorithm, exploiting a
                      transformer-based neural network that is substantiallyfaster
                      to train than state-of-the-art graph neural networks,
                      combines particle-flow reconstruc-tion with advanced vertex
                      reconstruction and hadron particle identification. Beyond an
                      excellentb- and c-jet discrimination, an s-jet tagging
                      efficiency of $40\%$ can be achieved with a $10\%$
                      ud-jetbackground efficiency. The impact of K±/π±
                      discrimination with varying efficiencies and inclu-sion of
                      reconstructed V0s for strange tagging performance is shown.
                      Similarly, the importanceof charged jet constituents and
                      reconstructed secondary vertices for bottom and charm
                      taggingis presented. The bottom and charm tagging
                      efficiencies were largely uniform over the entiremomentum
                      and polar angle range of interest. However, the strange
                      tagging efficiency showed adependence on the K± and V0
                      multiplicities in different momentum regimes.A 5σ discovery
                      significance can be achieved while isolating Z → s¯s
                      events from the exclusivedecays of the Z boson with an
                      integrated luminosity of 60 nb−1 of e+e− collisions at
                      √s =91.2 GeV, corresponding to less than a second of the
                      FCC-ee run plan at the Z boson resonance.The improved
                      strange tagging performance opens new avenues for extracting
                      quark-specificasymmetries, such as the forward-backward
                      asymmetry (AFB). Using advanced neural network-based strange
                      tagging and quark-antiquark jet separation with jet charge,
                      the AFB measurementin the strange decay channel of the Z
                      boson is possible with an absolute statistical precisionof
                      2.6 · 10−6 at the FCC-ee, considering a luminosity of 125
                      ab−1 at the Z resonance. Thecorresponding sin2 θW value
                      can be measured with an absolute statistical precision of
                      4.6 · 10−6.To support these improvements, ultra-thin,
                      high-resolution, and robust vertex detectors areessential.
                      Recent advancements in the use of ultra-light monolithic
                      active pixel sensors (MAPS),developed in the 65 nm imaging
                      process, for the ALICE ITS3 project by an international
                      consor-tium of the ALICE collaboration and the CERN EP
                      $R\&D$ project envision drastic improvementsin vertexing
                      performance. Process modification is introduced by adding a
                      deep low-dose n-typelayer, which aids in the depletion of
                      full sensor volume by extending the depletion region
                      later-ally while keeping a low sensor capacitance. It leads
                      to faster charge collection and reduction incharge shared
                      with neighbouring pixels, thus improving the detection
                      efficiency.Pixel response calibration and energy resolution
                      measurements performed with the 55Fe ra-dioactive source in
                      the controlled laboratory environment are presented. Four
                      variants of pixelgeometry were tested with a small-scale
                      analogue prototype, APTS, all showing over $99\%$
                      chargecollection efficiency for a small reverse bias voltage
                      of 1.2 V. The impact of geometry variationon detection
                      efficiency, spatial resolution, and radiation tolerance is
                      highlighted. In-pixel effi-ciency studies show that the loss
                      of efficiency at high thresholds is primarily concentrated
                      at theedges and corners of the pixels. APTS shows sub-3 μm
                      spatial resolution and > $99\%$ detectionefficiency, even
                      under moderate irradiation, satisfying the stringent
                      requirements of ALICE andfuture collider
                      environments.Together, these developments highlight the
                      integrated advancements in detector design, re-construction
                      algorithms, and physics potential, strengthening the next
                      generation of precisionmeasurements at the FCC-ee and
                      beyond.},
      cin          = {CMS},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)CMS-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)LHC-Exp-CMS-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.3204/PUBDB-2025-03896},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/637693},
}