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@ARTICLE{Reinbacher:637193,
      author       = {Reinbacher, S. and Klein, Thomas and Simson, C. and
                      Warchomicka, F. and Spoerk-Erdely, P. and Enzinger, N.},
      title        = {{I}n situ alloying of {A}l{C}u{S}i using dual-wire-directed
                      energy deposition with plasma},
      journal      = {Welding in the world},
      volume       = {69},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {0043-2288},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-03802},
      pages        = {849 - 859},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The current research explores additive manufacturing of a
                      multi-phase material using dual-wire plasma-directed energy
                      deposition technology. With this approach, new materials can
                      be designed and tested easily on the basis of commercially
                      available consumables. In this work, AlSi5 and CuAl8 solid
                      wire consumables are used to produce a specific AlCuSi alloy
                      by controlling the welding parameters and the wire feed
                      ratio. Initial experimentation results in an alloy with 85.7
                      $at.\%$ aluminum, 8.4 $at.\%$ copper, 2.7 $at.\%$ silicon,
                      and 3.2 $at.\%$ magnesium, but with some instabilities
                      during the process. The presence of magnesium in the
                      chemical composition could be related to plasma interaction
                      with the substrate during the welding process. After
                      optimizing the process parameters, the chemical composition
                      obtained is about 76.3 $at.\%$ aluminum, 19.9 $at.\%$
                      copper, and 3.8 $at.\%$ silicon. Using microstructural
                      analysis via light and scanning electron microscopy, defects
                      such as pores and inadequately melted Cu wire material are
                      observed in all materials produced. Although the
                      optimization of the melting process improved the
                      microstructure, it also increased the copper content, which
                      in turn exerts a significant influence on the mechanical
                      properties. Mechanical testing indicates significant
                      embrittlement. The results underscore that the
                      microstructure is heavily influenced by the chemical
                      composition. Microstructural changes caused by the higher
                      copper content, i.e., in particular the increase of the
                      volume fraction of brittle intermetallic phases such as
                      θ-Al2Cu, result in severe embrittlement of the obtained
                      materials, denoted by higher hardness and reduced toughness.
                      We conclude that the use of dual-wire plasma additive
                      manufacturing can develop new materials by in situ
                      alloying.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / Hereon},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)Hereon-20210428},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1007/s40194-025-01935-5},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/637193},
}