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@ARTICLE{Hayrapetyan:636435,
      author       = {Hayrapetyan, Aram and others},
      collaboration = {{CMS Collaboration}},
      title        = {{M}easurement of light-by-light scattering and the
                      {B}reit-{W}heeler process, and search for axion-like
                      particles in ultraperipheral {P}b{P}b collisions at
                      $\sqrt{{s}_{\text{{NN}}}}$ = 5.02 {T}e{V}},
      journal      = {Journal of high energy physics},
      volume       = {08},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1126-6708},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-03659, arXiv:2412.15413. CMS-HIN-21-015.
                      CERN-EP-2024-284},
      pages        = {006},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Measurements of light-by-light scattering (LbL, γγ →
                      γγ) and the Breit-Wheeler process (BW, γγ
                      →e$^{+}$e$^{−}$) are reported in ultraperipheral PbPb
                      collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of
                      5.02 TeV. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated
                      luminosity of 1.7 nb$^{−1}$, was collected by the CMS
                      experiment at the CERN LHC in 2018. Events with an
                      exclusively produced γγ or e$^{+}$e$^{−}$ pair with
                      invariant masses m$^{γγ,ee}$> 5 GeV, along with other
                      fiducial criteria, are selected. The measured BW fiducial
                      production cross section, σ$_{fid}$(γγ →
                      e$^{+}$e$^{−}$) = 263.5 ± 1.8(stat) ± 17.8(syst) μb, as
                      well as the differential distributions for various kinematic
                      observables, are in agreement with leading-order quantum
                      electrodynamics predictions complemented with final-state
                      photon radiation. The measured differential BW cross
                      sections allow discrimination between different theoretical
                      descriptions of the photon flux of the lead ion. In the LbL
                      final state, 26 exclusive diphoton candidate events are
                      observed compared with 12.0 ± 2.9 expected for the
                      background. Combined with previous results, the observed
                      significance of the LbL signal with respect to the
                      background-only hypothesis is above five standard
                      deviations. The measured fiducial LbL scattering cross
                      section, σ$_{fid}$(γγ → γγ) = 107 ± 24(stat) ±
                      13(syst) nb, is in agreement with next- to-leading-order
                      predictions. Limits on the production of axion-like
                      particles coupled to photons are set over the mass range
                      5–100 GeV, including the most stringent limits to date in
                      the range of 5–10 GeV.[graphic not available: see
                      fulltext]},
      keywords     = {Hadron-Hadron Scattering (autogen) / Photon Production
                      (autogen) / Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics (autogen)},
      cin          = {CMS},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)CMS-20120731},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) / DFG
                      project G:(GEPRIS)390833306 - EXC 2121: Quantum Universe
                      (390833306) / HIDSS-0002 - DASHH: Data Science in Hamburg -
                      Helmholtz Graduate School for the Structure of Matter
                      $(2019_IVF-HIDSS-0002)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(GEPRIS)390833306 /
                      $G:(DE-HGF)2019_IVF-HIDSS-0002$},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)LHC-Exp-CMS-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2412.15413},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2412.15413},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2412.15413;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.1007/JHEP08(2025)006},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/636435},
}