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@ARTICLE{Forster:633243,
      author       = {Forster, Carola and Döring, Markus and Spurk, Christoph
                      and Hummel, Marc and Olowinsky, Alexander and Beckmann,
                      Felix and Moosmann, Julian and Schmidt, Michael},
      title        = {{I}nvestigation of solidification crack formation in laser
                      beam welding of stainless steel with high-speed x-ray
                      imaging},
      journal      = {Proceedings of SPIE},
      volume       = {13356},
      issn         = {0038-7355},
      address      = {Bellingham, Wash.},
      publisher    = {SPIE},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-02369},
      pages        = {1335601},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Waiting for fulltext},
      abstract     = {Laser beam welding, a contactless joining technique, is
                      increasingly favored in automated industrial production due
                      to its rapid processing and localized heat effects. However,
                      a significant challenge associated with laser beam welding
                      is the susceptibility of the material to solidification
                      cracking. One potential strategy to mitigate solidification
                      cracking involves manipulating the melt pool shape and flow
                      dynamics through laser parameter adjustment. However,
                      current approaches based on user observations and
                      assumptions often lack a mechanistic foundation, leading to
                      an empirical trial-and-error process for identifying
                      suitable processing parameters, materials, or geometries.
                      This necessitates extensive and time-consuming
                      experimentation. To overcome this limitation and achieve
                      significant advancements in laser beam welding, a
                      quantitative understanding of solidification crack formation
                      mechanisms and their correlation with process parameters is
                      crucial. Although numerous research efforts, both
                      experimental and simulative, have been dedicated to this
                      topic, existing theories primarily rely on qualitative
                      explanations focusing on metallurgical, strain, or
                      stress-based phenomena. Unfortunately, these approaches have
                      not yet yielded a clear and quantitative model description
                      that can be readily implemented through experimentation.
                      Experimental approaches are hampered by the poor visibility
                      of the process zone. Although cracks can be identified
                      postmortem, it is challenging to draw conclusions about the
                      mechanisms of formation. This study addresses this gap by
                      employing in situ x-ray high-speed imaging to investigate
                      the dynamics of crack formation in laser beam welding.
                      Experiments conducted at the German Electron-Synchrotron
                      (DESY) at Petra III, beamline P07 compare
                      parameter-dependent crack formation behavior in stainless
                      steel AISI 304. The results suggest that the distribution of
                      laser energy within the weld zone and its influence on melt
                      pool behavior and microstructure play a critical role in
                      solidification cracking.},
      month         = {Jan},
      date          = {2025-01-25},
      organization  = {High-Power Laser Materials Processing:
                       Applications, Diagnostics, and Systems
                       XIV, San Francisco (United States), 25
                       Jan 2025 - 31 Jan 2025},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User / Hereon},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)Hereon-20210428},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / FS-Proposal:
                      BAG-20211050 (BAG-20211050) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)236616214 - SFB 1120: Bauteilpräzision durch
                      Beherrschung von Schmelze und Erstarrung in
                      Produktionsprozessen (236616214) / SFB 1120 A01 - Steuerung
                      von Geometrie und Metallurgie beim
                      Laserstrahl-Mikroschweißen durch Beeinflussung der
                      Schmelzbaddynamik über örtlich und zeitlich angepassten
                      Energieeintrag (A01) (260036706)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)BAG-20211050 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)236616214 / G:(GEPRIS)260036706},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P07-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8 / PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1117/12.3041269},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/633243},
}