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@ARTICLE{Oezsoy:633154,
      author       = {Oezsoy, Andac and Hearn, William and Gaudez, Steve and
                      Jeswani, Rijuta and Chen, Yunhui and Rack, Alexander and
                      Hegedüs, Zoltan and Casati, Nicola and Logé, Roland E. and
                      Van Petegem, Steven},
      title        = {{D}econvoluting cracking mechanisms in fusion processing of
                      steel-copper multi-materials via {O}perando {X}-ray
                      characterisation},
      journal      = {Virtual and physical prototyping},
      volume       = {20},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1745-2759},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Taylor and Francis},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-02350},
      pages        = {e2526798},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {This study investigates various cracking mechanisms and
                      their prevalence in fusion processing of steel-copper
                      multi-materials using operando X-ray diffraction and imaging
                      during laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) of 316L-CuCrZr
                      multi-material. During this investigation, three main types
                      of cracking were identified: (i) solidification cracking,
                      (ii) metal-induced embrittlement (MIE), and (iii) liquation
                      cracking. All cracking types are closely related to phase
                      formation during processing and stem from two underlying
                      mechanisms. First, liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)
                      and the monotectic reaction in the 316L-CuCrZr system cause
                      two liquids with vastly different solidification ranges to
                      form, leading to solidification cracking. Second, LLPS and
                      the monotectic reaction uniformly distribute Cu-rich liquid
                      between the Fe-rich dendrites, leading to MIE and/or
                      liquation cracking. Conducted based on the insights gained
                      from the operando characterisation, further experiments
                      showed that cracking can be drastically reduced by avoiding
                      phase separation. However, the complete elimination of
                      cracking necessitates chemical alterations in the material
                      feedstock, indicating that while process adjustments can
                      mitigate cracking, they may fail to fully prevent it. These
                      findings serve as a guideline for understanding the
                      underlying causes of cracking in steel-copper
                      multi-materials, how process optimisation can effectively
                      mitigate cracking, and to what extent such adjustments in
                      processing can achieve this outcome.},
      cin          = {PETRA III / FS-PET-D},
      ddc          = {380},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)PETRA_III-20150811$ /
                      I:(DE-H253)FS-PET-D-20190712},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / 6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) /
                      FS-Proposal: I-20240114 EC (I-20240114-EC)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 /
                      G:(DE-H253)I-20240114-EC},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P21.2-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1080/17452759.2025.2526798},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/633154},
}