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@INPROCEEDINGS{Chapman:632814,
      author       = {Chapman, Henry N. and Bajt, S. and Li, Chufeng and Ivanov,
                      Nikolay and Dresselhaus, J. L. and Zhang, Wenhui and
                      Zakharova, M. and Yefanov, O. and Pateras, A. and
                      Fleckenstein, Holger and Prasciolu, M.},
      title        = {{C}oherent {X}-ray diffraction with a convergent beam},
      issn         = {2053-2733},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-02238},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {With the development of improved multilayer Laue lenses
                      (MLLs) [1] and sensitive wavefront diagnostics [2,3], it is
                      now possible to focus X-ray beams at synchrotron radiation
                      facilities and X-ray free-electron lasers to spot sizes of 5
                      nm or less. These are diffractive optics made by layer
                      deposition, in which the layer period varies inversely with
                      distance from the optical axis and the layers are wedged [4]
                      to ensure that the tilt of the layers satisfies the Bragg
                      condition. In this way, an MLL is the physical embodiment of
                      the Ewald sphere. The convergence angle of these lenses can
                      exceed 0.03 rad for a wavelength of 0.7 nm (17 keV) This
                      convergence is often greater than the angular separation of
                      Bragg peaks in a macromolecular crystal, which is equivalent
                      to saying that the focal spot is smaller than the unit cell
                      of the crystal. This creates several interesting
                      opportunities for the study of the structure of
                      macromolecular crystals. When the crystal is placed in the
                      focus, Bragg peaks may overlap and interfere [6], but
                      extremely short exposure times are required to avoid
                      radiation damage, requiring snapshot diffraction using XFEL
                      pulses. Indexing and classification algorithms could then be
                      used to generate a ptychographic dataset [7] that is a
                      function of crystal orientation and the location of the
                      focus relative to the unit cell. Damage can also be avoided
                      by placing the crystal in the beam diverging from the focus,
                      allowing topographic imaging of the crystals and Bragg lines
                      that give fully-integrated reflections. This approach also
                      has benefits for crystals with unit cell dimensions that are
                      smaller than the focus size. It enables a simplified
                      approach for multi-Bragg ptychography and the
                      characterisation of strain and defects at high resolution.
                      Experimental results and analysis of convergent-beam
                      diffraction from protein and inorganic crystals will be
                      presented.},
      month         = {Aug},
      date          = {2023-08-22},
      organization  = {Twenty-Sixth Congress and General
                       Assembly of the International Union of
                       Crystallography, Melbourne (Australia),
                       22 Aug 2023 - 29 Aug 2023},
      cin          = {FS-CFEL-1 / FS-ML},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-CFEL-1-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)FS-ML-20120731},
      pnm          = {633 - Life Sciences – Building Blocks of Life: Structure
                      and Function (POF4-633) / AIM, DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)390715994 - EXC 2056: CUI: Advanced Imaging of
                      Matter (390715994) / FS-Proposal: I-20231166 (I-20231166)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-633 / G:(GEPRIS)390715994 /
                      G:(DE-H253)I-20231166},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P11-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      doi          = {10.1107/S2053273323092483},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/632814},
}