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@PHDTHESIS{Vignola:632183,
      author       = {Vignola, Gianpiero},
      othercontributors = {Gregor, Ingrid-Maria and Desch, Klaus},
      title        = {{S}tudies of a {D}igital {S}i{PM} and {MAPS} {P}rototypes
                      as {K}ey {T}echnologies for {F}uture {H}igh-{E}nergy
                      {P}hysics {E}xperiments},
      school       = {University of Bonn},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Hamburg},
      publisher    = {Verlag Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-02111, DESY-THESIS-2025-012},
      series       = {DESY-THESIS},
      pages        = {169},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Dissertation, University of Bonn, 2025},
      abstract     = {Digital Silicon Photomultipliers (dSiPMs) and Monolithic
                      Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are emerging technologies,
                      fabricated using commercial Complementary
                      Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) processes. These detectors
                      have the potential to become key components in High-Energy
                      Physics (HEP), with the ability to meet the demanding
                      requirements of future experiments. The first part of the
                      thesis analyzes the DESY dSiPM prototype as an example of
                      the technology potential. Extensive laboratory
                      characterizations confirm the functionality of the sensor
                      and of all integrated CMOS circuitry. Sensor calibrations
                      ensure stable and controlled operation enabling the study of
                      prototype performance by offering an in-depth understanding
                      of the sensor’s capabilities. The performance of the
                      prototype in Minimum Ionising Particles (MIP) detection is
                      evaluated through beam tests at the DESY II test-beam
                      facility. The measurements aim to establish the potential
                      use of this technology in 4D-Tracking of charged particles.
                      The bare DESY dSiPM in MIP detection shows a spatial
                      resolution of 20 µm, a time resolution of 50 ps with an
                      efficiency of about 30 $\%,$ limited by the fill-factor
                      characteristic of the technology. A novel detector-concept
                      is therefore introduced that combines dSiPM with thin
                      Cerium-doped Lutetium Yttrium Orthosilicate (LYSO(Ce))
                      radiators to overcome these efficiency limitations. This
                      approach improves detection efficiency over 99 $\%,$ and
                      enables better discrimination of signal events. The results
                      presented support the potential use of dSiPM in MIPs
                      4D-tracking applications. The second part of this thesis
                      focuses on MAPS technology, analyzing two prototypes
                      developed using a 65 nm CMOS process. The first sensor, DESY
                      Chip V1, is designed to verify the performance of a fast
                      Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA), characterized in
                      laboratory and test-beam. The studies confirm the
                      functionality of the circuits while highlighting some
                      limitations that contributed to design improvements in later
                      versions. Several Analog Pixel Test Structure (APTS)
                      prototypes are also studied in collaboration with CERN and
                      the ALICE IT3 group. The operational parameters of the
                      sensors are optimized and charge calibrations are performed.
                      The study of the performance in MIP detection of an APTS
                      prototype with a pixel pitch of 15 µm demonstrates spatial
                      resolutions of less than 3 µm and detection efficiencies
                      higher than 99 $\%$ with low noise occupancy in a wide
                      operational window. The results presented support the
                      potential of MAPS technology in meeting the stringent
                      requirements of future experiments, particularly for vertex
                      detectors in future lepton colliders.},
      keywords     = {SiPM (Other) / MAPS (Other) / CMOS (Other) / Monolithic
                      (Other) / HEP (Other) / ddc:530 (Other)},
      cin          = {ATLAS / FE},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)ATLAS-20120731 / I:(DE-H253)FE-20120731},
      pnm          = {622 - Detector Technologies and Systems (POF4-622)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-622},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)TestBeamline21-20150101 /
                      EXP:(DE-H253)TestBeamline22-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.48565/BONNDOC-546},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/632183},
}