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@PHDTHESIS{Seyffertitz:630678,
      author       = {Seyffertitz, Malina},
      title        = {{S}upercapacitors with {A}queous {E}lectrolytes: {W}hat
                      {C}an {W}e {L}earn from {I}n-{S}itu and {O}perando
                      {S}ynchrotron and {N}eutron {T}echniques?},
      school       = {Montanuniversität Leoben},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-01898},
      pages        = {217},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Dissertation, Montanuniversität Leoben, 2025},
      abstract     = {This thesis investigates the fundamental processes
                      governing supercapacitors with aqueous electrolytes through
                      the development and application of in-situ and operando
                      synchrotronand neutron techniques. Using a suite of
                      complementary methods, including X-ray Transmission (XRT),
                      X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), (Anomalous) Small-Angle X-ray
                      Scattering ((A)SAXS), Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS),
                      X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Neutron Diffraction (ND), a
                      detailed experimental framework is established to probe
                      supercapacitor behaviour under working conditions. The work
                      focuses on experimentally accessing and interpreting the
                      following aspects of supercapacitor operation: (1) ion and
                      solvent concentration changes and charge-balancing
                      mechanisms, (2) structural changes in the electrode during
                      operation, (3) wetting effects, (4) local ion and solvent
                      (re-)arrangement, (5) charging dynamics, (6) atomic-scale
                      interactions via pair distribution functions, and (7) the
                      influence of electrode geometry and cell design. These
                      phenomena are explored in detail for two electrochemical
                      systems: MSP-20X activated carbon electrodes with 1 M RbBr
                      (aq.) electrolyte, and Ni3(HITP)2 conductive metal-organic
                      framework electrodes with 1 M NaTFSI (aq.) electrolyte. For
                      both, tailored experimentalapproaches are developed and
                      critically assessed. While this thesis provides a practical
                      framework for applying in-situ and operando synchrotron and
                      neutron techniques to electrochemical systems, its central
                      contribution lies in the insights it offers into electric
                      double-layer formation and ion and solvent behavior in
                      supercapacitors under operating conditions. By revealing how
                      a range of interconnected processes unfold during charging
                      and discharging, these findings offer a comprehensive and
                      nuanced understanding of how supercapacitors function and
                      how their performance might be more effectively tailored in
                      the future.},
      cin          = {FS DOOR-User},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)FS_DOOR-User-20241023$},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / FS-Proposal: I-20220173
                      EC (I-20220173-EC) / FS-Proposal: I-20230206 EC
                      (I-20230206-EC)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)I-20220173-EC /
                      G:(DE-H253)I-20230206-EC},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P62-20221101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/630678},
}