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@ARTICLE{Bittinger:630145,
      author       = {Bittinger, Sophia C. and Struck, Jana and Dobschall, Finn
                      and Benthien, Sophie and Hartmann, Hauke and Schlicke,
                      Hendrik and Kohantorabi, Mona and Noei, Heshmat and
                      Vossmeyer, Tobias},
      title        = {{N}anocomposites of {T}itania/{R}educed {G}raphene {O}xide:
                      {F}lexible {H}umidity {S}ensors {T}uned via {P}hotocatalytic
                      {R}eduction},
      journal      = {ACS applied nano materials},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {2574-0970},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-01850},
      pages        = {7428 - 7439},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {In this study, we demonstrate the tunability of hybrid
                      graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide/titania nanocrystal
                      (GO/rGO/TNC) films for resistive humidity sensing through
                      photocatalytic reduction. Using a layer-by-layer
                      spin-coating (LbL-SC) technique, we fabricate GO/TNC
                      nanofilms with titania nanorods (TNRs) or nanoplates (TNPs)
                      on various substrates, achieving high uniformity and precise
                      control over the film thickness (15–150 nm). We
                      investigate the evolution of the electrical, optical, and
                      structural properties of these films, modulated by the
                      photocatalytic activity of TNCs under UV exposure (254 nm)
                      while varying the illumination time, TNC type, and film
                      thickness. The inclusion of TNCs enhances the films’
                      conductivity by several orders of magnitude compared to pure
                      GO films under UV illumination and enables precise
                      adjustment of the GO/rGO and (GO/rGO)/TNC ratios. This
                      approach is used for tuning the sensitivity, response time,
                      and response polarity of (GO/rGO)/TNC resistors on flexible
                      substrates to changes in relative humidity (RH). TNP-based
                      films demonstrate superior performance, achieving
                      sensitivities of up to 2.2 and response times as short as 1
                      s over a broad range of RH levels (∼35 to $85\%$ and ∼1
                      to $80\%).$ Depending on the composition and RH level, the
                      sensors exhibit both positive and negative resistive
                      responses to increasing humidity. Gravimetric analyses show
                      that films with varying GO/rGO ratios exhibit the same
                      change in water mass uptake, indicating that the differences
                      in resistive behavior are driven by UV-induced alterations
                      in their chemical and electrical properties. Finally, we
                      propose the use of these sensors to detect body-related
                      humidity fluctuations, demonstrating their suitability for
                      wearable electronics. Our results highlight the potential
                      applicability of (GO/rGO)/TNC nanocomposites as highly
                      customizable humidity sensors.},
      cin          = {FS-NL},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)FS-NL-20120731},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)395896547 -
                      Multifunktionale Membranen aus Graphenoxid und
                      TiO2-Nanokristallen: Steuerung elektrischer, mechanischer
                      und elektromechanischer Eigenschaften durch
                      photokatalytische Reduktion (395896547)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(GEPRIS)395896547},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)Nanolab-02-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001461018600001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsanm.4c06524},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/630145},
}