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@ARTICLE{RubieraGimeno:627850,
      author       = {Rubiera Gimeno, José Alejandro and Isleif,
                      Katharina-Sophie and Januschek, Friederike and Lindner, Axel
                      and Meyer, Manuel and Othman, Gulden and Rivasto, Elmeri and
                      Shah, Rikhav and Schwemmbauer, Christina},
      title        = {{S}imulation and measurement of {B}lack {B}ody {R}adiation
                      background in a {T}ransition {E}dge {S}ensor},
      journal      = {Physical review / D},
      volume       = {112},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2470-0010},
      address      = {Ridge, NY},
      publisher    = {American Physical Society},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-01633, arXiv:2505.08555},
      pages        = {032001},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {13 pages, 11 figures},
      abstract     = {The Any Light Particle Search II (ALPS II) experiment at
                      DESY, Hamburg, is a Light-Shining-through-a-Wall (LSW)
                      experiment aiming to probe the existence of axions and
                      axion-like particles (ALPs), which are candidates for dark
                      matter. Data collection in ALPS II is underway utilizing a
                      heterodyne-based detection scheme. A complementary run for
                      confirmation or as an alternative method is planned using
                      single photon detection, requiring a sensor capable of
                      measuring low-energy photons ($1064\,\mathrm{nm}$,
                      $1.165\,\mathrm{eV}$) with high efficiency (higher than
                      $50\,\\%$) and a low background rate (below
                      $7.7\cdot10^{-6}\,\mathrm{cps}$). To meet these
                      requirements, we are investigating a tungsten Transition
                      Edge Sensor (TES) provided by NIST, which operates in its
                      superconducting transition region at millikelvin
                      temperatures. This sensor exploits the drastic change in
                      resistance caused by the absorption of a single photon.We
                      find that the background observed in the setup with a
                      fiber-coupled TES is consistent with Black Body Radiation
                      (BBR) as the primary background contributor.A framework was
                      developed to simulate BBR propagation to the TES under
                      realistic conditions.The framework not only allows the
                      exploration of background reduction strategies, such as
                      improving the TES energy resolution, but also reproduces,
                      within uncertainties, the spectral distribution of the
                      observed background.These simulations have been validated
                      with experimental data, in agreement with the modeled
                      background distribution, and show that the improved energy
                      resolution reduces the background rate in the
                      $1064\,\mathrm{nm}$ signal region by one order of magnitude,
                      to approximately $10^{-4}\,\mathrm{cps}$. However, this rate
                      must be reduced further to meet the ALPS II requirements.},
      cin          = {ALPS},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)ALPS-20130318},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) / DFG
                      project G:(GEPRIS)390833306 - EXC 2121: Quantum Universe
                      (390833306) / AxionDM - Searching for axion and
                      axion-like-particle dark matter in the laboratory and with
                      high-energy astrophysical observations (948689)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(GEPRIS)390833306 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)948689},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)ALPS-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2505.08555},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2505.08555},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2505.08555;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.1103/hqmt-vq1g},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/627850},
}