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@ARTICLE{Chen:627756,
      author       = {Chen, Yifan and Xue, Xiao and Cardoso, Vitor},
      title        = {{B}lack holes as fermion factories},
      journal      = {Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics},
      volume       = {02},
      number       = {02},
      issn         = {1475-7508},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {IOP},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-01596, arXiv:2308.00741. DESY-23-109},
      pages        = {035},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {JCAP02(2025)035. 27 pages, 4 figures, published version in
                      JCAP},
      abstract     = {Ultralight bosons near rotating black holes can undergo
                      significant growth through superradiant energy extraction,
                      potentially reaching field values close to the Planck scale
                      and transforming black holes into effective transducers for
                      these fields. The interaction between boson fields and
                      fermions may lead to parametric production or Schwinger pair
                      production of fermions, with efficiencies significantly
                      exceeding those of perturbative decay processes.
                      Additionally, the spatial gradients of scalar clouds and the
                      electric components of vector clouds can accelerate
                      fermions, resulting in observable fluxes. This study
                      considers both Standard Model neutrinos and dark sector
                      fermions, which could contribute to boosted dark matter.
                      Energy loss due to fermion emissions can potentially quench
                      the exponential growth of the cloud, leading to a saturated
                      state. This dynamic provides a framework for establishing
                      limits on boson-neutrino interactions, previously
                      constrained by neutrino self-interaction considerations. In
                      the saturation phase, boson clouds have the capacity to
                      accelerate fermions to TeV energies, producing fluxes that
                      surpass those from atmospheric neutrinos near black holes.
                      These fluxes open new avenues for observations through
                      high-energy neutrino detectors like IceCube, as well as
                      through dark matter direct detection efforts focused on
                      targeted black holes.},
      keywords     = {scale: Planck (INSPIRE) / neutrino: atmosphere (INSPIRE) /
                      neutrino: production (INSPIRE) / neutrino: particle source
                      (INSPIRE) / scale: TeV (INSPIRE) / field theory: scalar
                      (INSPIRE) / black hole (INSPIRE) / superradiance (INSPIRE) /
                      saturation (INSPIRE) / trigger (INSPIRE) / transducer
                      (INSPIRE) / quenching (INSPIRE) / parametric (INSPIRE) /
                      cloud (INSPIRE) / boson: mass (INSPIRE) / energy: yield
                      (INSPIRE) / neutrino: coupling (INSPIRE) / acceleration
                      (INSPIRE) / flux (INSPIRE) / astrophysical black holes
                      (autogen) / gravity (autogen) / neutrino astronomy (autogen)
                      / particle acceleration (autogen)},
      cin          = {UNI/TH},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)UNI_TH-20120731$},
      pnm          = {611 - Fundamental Particles and Forces (POF4-611) /
                      Gravitas - Black holes: gravitational engines of discovery
                      (101052587) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)390833306 - EXC 2121:
                      Quantum Universe (390833306)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-611 / G:(EU-Grant)101052587 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)390833306},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)NOSPEC-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2308.00741},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2308.00741},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2308.00741;\%\%$},
      UT           = {WOS:001435799500002},
      doi          = {10.1088/1475-7516/2025/02/035},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/627756},
}