000627000 001__ 627000 000627000 005__ 20250715151524.0 000627000 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1103/PhysRevD.111.083028 000627000 0247_ $$2INSPIRETeX$$aFiorillo:2024dik 000627000 0247_ $$2inspire$$ainspire:2858870 000627000 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2470-0010 000627000 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2470-0037 000627000 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2470-0029 000627000 0247_ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2412.09027 000627000 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.3204/PUBDB-2025-01525 000627000 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:171939739 000627000 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:001501652100005 000627000 0247_ $$2openalex$$aopenalex:W4409570993 000627000 037__ $$aPUBDB-2025-01525 000627000 041__ $$aEnglish 000627000 082__ $$a530 000627000 088__ $$2arXiv$$aarXiv:2412.09027 000627000 1001_ $$0P:(DE-H253)PIP1111196$$aFiorillo, Damiano Francesco Giuseppe$$b0$$eCollaboration author 000627000 245__ $$aFast flavor pendulum: Instability condition 000627000 260__ $$aRidge, NY$$bAmerican Physical Society$$c2025 000627000 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000627000 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000627000 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1747643213_396518 000627000 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000627000 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000627000 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000627000 500__ $$aPhys.Rev.D. 111 (2025) 8, 083028. 17 pages, 7 figures. Matches version published in Phys. Rev. D 000627000 520__ $$aEven in the absence of neutrino masses, a neutrino gas can exhibit a homogeneous flavor instability that leads to a periodic motion known as the fast flavor pendulum. A well-known necessary condition is a crossing of the angular flavor lepton distribution. In an earlier work, some of us showed that homogeneous flavor instabilities also obey a Nyquist criterion, inspired by plasma physics. This condition, while more restrictive than the angular crossing, is only sufficient if the unstable branch of the dispersion relation is bounded by critical points that both lie under the light cone (points with subluminal phase velocity). While the lepton-number angle distribution, assumed to be axially symmetric, easily allows one to determine the real-valued branch of the dispersion relation and to recognize if instead superluminal critical points exist, this graphical method does not translate into a simple instability condition. 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