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@ARTICLE{Tran:626125,
      author       = {Tran, Hoang Phi and Nong, Hong Nhan and Zlatar, Matej and
                      Yoon, Aram and Hejral, Uta and Rüscher, Martina and
                      Timoshenko, Janis and Selve, Sören and Berger, Dirk and
                      Kroschel, Matthias and Klingenhof, Malte and Paul, Benjamin
                      and Möhle, Sebastian and Nagi Nasralla, Kerolus Nasser and
                      Escalera-López, Daniel and Bergmann, Arno and Cherevko,
                      Serhiy and Cuenya, Beatriz Roldan and Strasser, Peter},
      title        = {{R}eactivity and {S}tability of {R}educed {I}r-{W}eight
                      {T}i{O}$_2$ -{S}upported {O}xygen {E}volution {C}atalysts
                      for {P}roton {E}xchange {M}embrane ({PEM}) {W}ater
                      {E}lectrolyzer {A}nodes},
      journal      = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
      volume       = {146},
      number       = {46},
      issn         = {0002-7863},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-01316},
      pages        = {31444 - 31455},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {We acknowledge kind financial support by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
                      under Projects GZ: INST 131/789-1 FUGG, STR 596/21-1
                      (DaCapo), STR 596/11-1 (Iridium) and CH 1763/4-1; and by the
                      German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) through
                      consortium project “HyThroughGen” FKZ: 03HY108D within
                      the technology platform H2GIGA.},
      abstract     = {Reducing the iridium demand in Proton Exchange Membrane
                      Water Electrolyzers (PEM WE) is a critical priority for the
                      green hydrogen industry. This study reports the discovery of
                      a TiO$_2$-supported Ir@IrO(OH)$_x$ core–shell nanoparticle
                      catalyst with reduced Ir content, which exhibits superior
                      catalytic performance for the electrochemical oxygen
                      evolution reaction (OER) compared to a commercial reference.
                      The TiO$_2$-supported Ir@IrO(OH)$_x$ core–shell
                      nanoparticle configuration significantly enhances the OER Ir
                      mass activity from 8 to approximately 150 A
                      g$_{Ir}$$^{–1}$ at 1.53 V$_{RHE}$ while reducing the
                      iridium packing density from 1.6 to below 0.77 g$_{Ir}$
                      cm$^{–3}$. These advancements allow for viable anode layer
                      thicknesses with lower Ir loading, reducing iridium
                      utilization at 70\% LHV from 0.42 to 0.075 g$_{Ir}$
                      kW$^{–1}$ compared to commercial IrO$_2$/TiO$_2$. The
                      identification of the Ir@IrO(OH)$_x$/TiO$_2$ OER catalyst
                      resulted from extensive HAADF-EDX microscopic analysis,
                      operando XAS, and online ICP-MS analysis of 30–80 wt \%
                      Ir/TiO$_2$ materials. These analyses established
                      correlations among Ir weight loading, electrode electrical
                      conductivity, electrochemical stability, and Ir mass-based
                      OER activity. The activated Ir@IrO(OH)$_x$/TiO$_2$
                      catalyst–support system demonstrated an exceptionally
                      stable morphology of supported core–shell particles,
                      suggesting strong catalyst–support interactions (CSIs)
                      between nanoparticles and crystalline oxide facets. Operando
                      XAS analysis revealed the reversible evolution of
                      significantly contracted Ir–O bond motifs with enhanced
                      covalent character, conducive to the formation of
                      catalytically active electrophilic O$^{I–}$ ligand
                      species. These findings indicate that atomic Ir surface
                      dissolution generates Ir lattice vacancies, facilitating the
                      emergence of electrophilic O$^{I–}$ species under OER
                      conditions, while CSIs promote the reversible contraction of
                      Ir–O distances, reforming electrophilic O$^{I–}$ and
                      enhancing both catalytic activity and stability.},
      cin          = {FS DOOR-User},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)FS_DOOR-User-20241023$},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / SWEDEN-DESY -
                      SWEDEN-DESY Collaboration $(2020_Join2-SWEDEN-DESY)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / $G:(DE-HGF)2020_Join2-SWEDEN-DESY$},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P64-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39526338},
      UT           = {WOS:001352463300001},
      doi          = {10.1021/jacs.4c07002},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/626125},
}