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@ARTICLE{Kaur:626043,
      author       = {Kaur, Harmanjot and Thuermer, Stephan and Gholami, Shirin
                      and Credidio, Bruno and Trinter, Florian and Vasconcelos,
                      Debora and Marinho, Ricardo and Pinheiro, Joel and Bluhm,
                      Hendrik and Naves de Brito, Arnaldo and Oehrwall, Gunnar and
                      Winter, Bernd and Bjoerneholm, Olle},
      title        = {{B}oosting aerosol surface effects: strongly enhanced
                      cooperative surface propensity of atmospherically relevant
                      organic molecular ions in aqueous solution},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-01267},
      pages        = {3503 - 3518},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Open Access},
      abstract     = {The effects of atmospheric aerosols are key uncertainties
                      in climate models. One reason is the complex aerosol
                      composition which includes a relatively large fraction of
                      organics. Another reason is the small size of aerosols,
                      which makes surface effects and processes important. These
                      two factors make surface-active organics relevant for
                      atmospheric aerosols, as they can affect crucial processes,
                      such as chemical aging and water accommodation, as well as
                      properties such as the surface tension, which drives droplet
                      formation. Two exemplary types of atmospherically relevant
                      organics are carboxylic acids and alkyl amines, and often
                      both are found together within aerosols. In the most
                      atmospherically significant pH range, these exist as
                      alkyl-carboxylate ions and alkyl-ammonium ions. Using
                      liquid-jet photoelectron spectroscopy, tuned to high surface
                      sensitivity, we measured the alkyl-carboxylate anions and
                      the alkyl-ammonium cations of alkyl chain lengths of 1 to 6
                      carbon atoms, both as single-component and mixed-component
                      aqueous solutions. This enabled us to systematically study
                      how their surface propensity is affected by the length of
                      the alkyl chains and how cooperative ion–ion interactions
                      result in strongly increased surface propensity. An
                      exponential increase in surface propensity is found for the
                      single-species solutions, with cooperative solute–solute
                      effects in mixed solutions of 1 : 1 molar ratio
                      drastically increasing the number of molecules present at
                      the solutions' surfaces up to a factor of several hundred.
                      This cooperative surface propensity is shown to strongly
                      affect the amounts of organics at the surface. These changes
                      can significantly influence radiative forcing via aerosol
                      growth, cloud condensation nuclei activity, and aerosol
                      chemical aging. Our results demonstrate the principal
                      feasibility of a more advanced input of molecular details
                      for creating parameterized descriptions of aerosol surface
                      composition needed to properly account for their impacts in
                      climate models.},
      cin          = {DOOR ; HAS-User},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-H253)HAS-User-20120731},
      pnm          = {6G3 - PETRA III (DESY) (POF4-6G3) / FS-Proposal: I-20220937
                      EC (I-20220937-EC) / AQUACHIRAL - Chiral aqueous-phase
                      chemistry (883759) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)509471550 -
                      Dynamik photoionisations-induzierter Prozesse in
                      laser-präparierten Molekülen in der Gasphase und der
                      wässrigen Phase (509471550) / SWEDEN-DESY - SWEDEN-DESY
                      Collaboration $(2020_Join2-SWEDEN-DESY)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G3 / G:(DE-H253)I-20220937-EC /
                      G:(EU-Grant)883759 / G:(GEPRIS)509471550 /
                      $G:(DE-HGF)2020_Join2-SWEDEN-DESY$},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)P-P04-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001451152800001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-25-3503-2025},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/626043},
}