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@ARTICLE{Leitgeb:623798,
      author       = {Leitgeb, Clara E. and Parsons, Robert D. and Taylor, Andrew
                      M. and Ragan, Kenneth J. and Berge, David and Issever,
                      Cigdem},
      title        = {{P}robing the cosmic ray background of gamma-ray astronomy
                      with hadron colliders},
      journal      = {Physical review / D},
      volume       = {112},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {2470-0010},
      address      = {Ridge, NY},
      publisher    = {American Physical Society},
      reportid     = {PUBDB-2025-00764, arXiv:2509.04040},
      pages        = {083042},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {DESY internal reviewer: Priscilla Pani},
      abstract     = {Hadronic cosmic particles (cosmic rays) and gamma rays are
                      constantly absorbed in the Earth’s atmosphere and result
                      in air showers of secondary particles. Cherenkov radiation
                      from these atmospheric events is used to measure cosmic
                      gamma rays with ground-based telescopes. We focus here on
                      the dominant hadronic cosmic-ray-initiated background events
                      in the atmosphere, which give rise to gamma-ray-like air
                      showers for gamma-ray telescopes. It is shown that only a
                      small subset of hadronic cosmic-ray interactions, those
                      which produce a large energy neutral pion, are responsible
                      for this background. We subsequently address how the
                      predictions of this background vary depending on the
                      hadronic interaction model adopted. The pseudorapidity range
                      of the energetic pions, with respect to the shower axis
                      produced in these background events, is shown to be large.
                      We show that collider experiments, specifically LHCf and the
                      Relavistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHICf), probe cosmic ray
                      interactions precisely within this pseudorapidity range.
                      Present and future measurements with these instruments are
                      shown to be able to test the ability for current hadronic
                      interaction models to accurately describe these background
                      events.},
      cin          = {$Z_THAT$ / ATLAS / $Z_GA$},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-H253)Z_THAT-20210408$ / I:(DE-H253)ATLAS-20120731 /
                      $I:(DE-H253)Z_GA-20210408$},
      pnm          = {613 - Matter and Radiation from the Universe (POF4-613)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-613},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-H253)LHC-Exp-ATLAS-20150101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      eprint       = {2509.04040},
      howpublished = {arXiv:2509.04040},
      archivePrefix = {arXiv},
      SLACcitation = {$\%\%CITATION$ = $arXiv:2509.04040;\%\%$},
      doi          = {10.1103/djx4-qs8m},
      url          = {https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/623798},
}